Distribution of NQO1 genotypes in pediatric patients with leukemias stratified according to sex, leukemia subtype, age, and cytogenetics
| . | High NQO1 activity CC genotype (%) . | Low NQO1 activity CT genotype (%) . | Null NQO1 activity TT genotype (%) . | Low/Null NQO1 activity CT/TT genotype (%) . | OR (95% CI, range)3-150 (vsMLL(−) de novo B-lineage ALL) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MLL(+) de novo | 15 (38.5) | 22 (56.4) | 2 (5.1) | 24 (61.5) | 2.47 (1.08-5.68)P = .033 |
| Male | 6 (37.5) | 9 (56.3) | 1 (6.2) | 10 (62.5) | 2.57 (0.84-7.88) |
| Female | 9 (39.1) | 13 (56.5) | 1 (4.4) | 14 (60.9) | 2.40 (0.90-6.39) |
| ALL | 6 (31.6) | 11 (57.9) | 2 (10.5) | 13 (68.4) | 3.35 (1.13-9.82)P = .028 |
| AML | 8 (47.1) | 9 (52.9) | 0 | 9 (52.9) | 1.74 (0.6-5.06)P = .318 |
| Biphenotypic | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | 0 | 2 (66.7) | ND |
| Infant3-151 | 13 (40.6) | 18 (56.3) | 1 (3.1) | 19 (59.4) | 2.26 (0.94-5.43)P = .069 |
| Older than 24 mo | 2 (28.6) | 4 (57.1) | 1 (14.3) | 5 (71.4) | 3.86 (0.78-∞)P = .105 |
| t(4;11) | |||||
| Cytogenetic3-152 | 2 (16.7) | 9 (75.0) | 1 (8.3) | 10 (83.3) | 7.73 (1.7-∞)P = .006 |
| Cytogenetic3-152 (<12 mo) | 1 (12.5) | 7 (87.5) | 0 | 7 (87.5) | 10.82 (1.58-∞)P = .013 |
| Cytogenetic and/or molecular3-153 | 2 (14.3) | 10 (71.4) | 2 (14.3) | 12 (85.7) | 9.27 (2.08-∞)P = .002 |
| Cytogenetic and/or molecular3-153 (<12 mo) | 1 (10) | 8 (80) | 1 (10) | 9 (90) | 13.91 (2.08-∞)P = .003 |
| MLL(−) de novo B lineage ALL | 34 (60.7) | 18 (32.2) | 4 (7.1) | 22 (39.3) | Ref |
| . | High NQO1 activity CC genotype (%) . | Low NQO1 activity CT genotype (%) . | Null NQO1 activity TT genotype (%) . | Low/Null NQO1 activity CT/TT genotype (%) . | OR (95% CI, range)3-150 (vsMLL(−) de novo B-lineage ALL) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MLL(+) de novo | 15 (38.5) | 22 (56.4) | 2 (5.1) | 24 (61.5) | 2.47 (1.08-5.68)P = .033 |
| Male | 6 (37.5) | 9 (56.3) | 1 (6.2) | 10 (62.5) | 2.57 (0.84-7.88) |
| Female | 9 (39.1) | 13 (56.5) | 1 (4.4) | 14 (60.9) | 2.40 (0.90-6.39) |
| ALL | 6 (31.6) | 11 (57.9) | 2 (10.5) | 13 (68.4) | 3.35 (1.13-9.82)P = .028 |
| AML | 8 (47.1) | 9 (52.9) | 0 | 9 (52.9) | 1.74 (0.6-5.06)P = .318 |
| Biphenotypic | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | 0 | 2 (66.7) | ND |
| Infant3-151 | 13 (40.6) | 18 (56.3) | 1 (3.1) | 19 (59.4) | 2.26 (0.94-5.43)P = .069 |
| Older than 24 mo | 2 (28.6) | 4 (57.1) | 1 (14.3) | 5 (71.4) | 3.86 (0.78-∞)P = .105 |
| t(4;11) | |||||
| Cytogenetic3-152 | 2 (16.7) | 9 (75.0) | 1 (8.3) | 10 (83.3) | 7.73 (1.7-∞)P = .006 |
| Cytogenetic3-152 (<12 mo) | 1 (12.5) | 7 (87.5) | 0 | 7 (87.5) | 10.82 (1.58-∞)P = .013 |
| Cytogenetic and/or molecular3-153 | 2 (14.3) | 10 (71.4) | 2 (14.3) | 12 (85.7) | 9.27 (2.08-∞)P = .002 |
| Cytogenetic and/or molecular3-153 (<12 mo) | 1 (10) | 8 (80) | 1 (10) | 9 (90) | 13.91 (2.08-∞)P = .003 |
| MLL(−) de novo B lineage ALL | 34 (60.7) | 18 (32.2) | 4 (7.1) | 22 (39.3) | Ref |
ND indicates not done; Ref, reference group.
OR generated from 2 × 2 table using chi-square test comparing CC versus CT/TT.
Infant defined as ALL/biphenotypic diagnosed before age 12 months and AML diagnosed before age 24 months. There were 16 patients with ALL, 12 patients with AML, all 3 patients with bipenotypic leukemia diagnosed before age 12 months, and 1 patient with AML diagnosed at age 15 months who fit this definition. Ages at diagnosis of MLL(+) de novo leukemia of 7 patients not included in the infant group were 18 years, 5 months; 3 years, 8 months; 2 years, 11 months; 16 years, 2 months; 13 years, 7 months; 16 years, 6 months; and 13 years, 2 months.
Cytogenetic indicates cases determined to have t(4;11)(q21;q23) by karyotype (includes 8 cases also analyzed by panhandle PCR approaches, which verified fusion of MLL to AF-4).
Molecular indicates cases determined to have MLL-AF-4fusion by panhandle PCR approaches (includes 2 infant cases in which karyotype of marrow at leukemia diagnosis did not reveal the t(4;11) translocation or was technically unsuccessful).