Patient characteristics of 8 447 children with ALL
| . | Total cohort (N = 8 447) . | Whites (n = 6 703) . | Blacks (n = 506) . | Hispanics (n = 1 071) . | Asians (n = 167) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (%) | ||||||
| Female | 3 642 (43) | 2 908 (43) | 218 (43) | 443 (41) | 73 (44) | — |
| Male | 4 805 (57) | 3 795 (57) | 288 (57) | 628 (59) | 94 (56) | .7 |
| WBC count/mL (%) | ||||||
| Lower than 50 000 | 6 606 (78) | 5 280 (79) | 353 (70) | 834 (78) | 139 (83) | — |
| 50 000 or higher | 1 841 (22) | 1 423 (21) | 153 (30) | 237 (22) | 28 (17) | < .001 |
| Age at diagnosis, y (%) | ||||||
| Younger than 1 | 224 (3) | 168 (2.5) | 18 (4) | 31 (3) | 7 (4) | — |
| 1 to 10 | 6 359 (75) | 5 104 (76) | 329 (65) | 792 (74) | 134 (80) | — |
| Older than 10 | 1 864 (22) | 1 431 (21.5) | 159 (31) | 248 (23) | 26 (16) | < .001 |
| NCI risk group (%) | ||||||
| Good risk | 5 127 (71) | 4 137 (62) | 236 (47) | 639 (60) | 115 (69) | — |
| Poor risk | 3 320 (29) | 2 566 (38) | 270 (53) | 432 (40) | 52 (31) | < .001 |
| Events (%) | ||||||
| Adverse event* | 2 482 (29) | 1 892 (28) | 197 (39) | 352 (33) | 41 (25) | < .001 |
| Death | 1 661 (20) | 1 255 (19) | 139 (28) | 247 (23) | 20 (12) | < .001 |
| Hemoglobin level, g/dL (%) | ||||||
| Lower than 10 | 6 628 (78) | 5 221 (78) | 399 (79) | 868 (81) | 140 (84) | .05 |
| 10 or higher | 1 819 (22) | 1 482 (22) | 107 (21) | 203 (19) | 27 (16) | — |
| Platelet count/mL (%) | ||||||
| Lower than 50 000 | 4 016 (48) | 3 213 (48) | 222 (44) | 511 (48) | 70 (42) | — |
| 50 000 or higher | 4 431 (52) | 3 490 (52) | 284 (56) | 560 (52) | 97 (58) | .2 |
| Liver size (%) | ||||||
| Normal | 3 889 (46) | 3 070 (46) | 250 (49) | 496 (46) | 73 (44) | — |
| Enlarged | 4 558 (54) | 3 633 (54) | 256 (51) | 575 (54) | 94 (56) | .4 |
| Spleen size (%) | ||||||
| Normal | 3 880 (46) | 2 991 (45) | 254 (50) | 545 (51) | 90 (54) | — |
| Enlarged | 4 567 (54) | 3 712 (55) | 252 (50) | 526 (49) | 77 (46) | < .001 |
| Chromosomal abnormalities (%) (N = 1 872)† | (n = 1 577) | (n = 118) | (n = 153) | (n = 24) | — | — |
| Normal | 579 (31) | 481 (31) | 30 (25) | 57 (37) | 11 (46) | — |
| Structural abnormalities‡ | 972 (52) | 822 (52) | 73 (62) | 69 (45) | 8 (33) | — |
| Numerical abnormalities | 321 (17) | 274 (17) | 15 (13) | 27 (18) | 5 (21) | .07 |
| Ploidy groups† | (n = 1 872) | (n = 1 577) | (n = 118) | (n = 153) | (n = 24) | — |
| Normal | 579 (31) | 481 (31) | 30 (25) | 57 (37) | 11 (46) | — |
| Hypodiploid | 111 (6) | 98 (6) | 5 (4) | 8 (5) | 0 (0) | — |
| Pseudodiploid | 510 (27) | 425 (27) | 44 (37) | 36 (24) | 5 (21) | — |
| Hyperdiploid (47-50) | 198 (11) | 164 (10) | 16 (14) | 15 (10) | 3 (13) | — |
| Hyperdiploid (> 50) | 474 (25) | 409 (26) | 23 (20) | 37 (24) | 5 (21) | .2 |
| Maternal education (%)1-153 | (n = 1 596) | (n = 1 381) | (n = 85) | (n = 103) | (n = 27) | — |
| High school or less | 694 (43.5) | 573 (42) | 46 (54) | 63 (61) | 12 (44) | — |
| More than high school | 902 (56.5) | 808 (58) | 39 (46) | 40 (39) | 15 (56) | < .001 |
| Paternal education (%)1-153 | (n = 1 491) | (n = 1 319) | (n = 61) | (n = 85) | (n = 26) | — |
| High school or less | 614 (41) | 510 (37) | 46 (75) | 52 (61) | 6 (23) | — |
| More than high school | 877 (59) | 809 (63) | 15 (25) | 33 (39) | 20 (77) | < .001 |
| Annual household income (%)1-153 | (n = 1 585) | (n = 1 373) | (n = 83) | (n = 103) | (n = 26) | — |
| $30 000 or less | 889 (56) | 724 (53) | 62 (75) | 86 (84) | 17 (65) | — |
| More than $30 000 | 696 (44) | 649 (47) | 21 (25) | 17 (16) | 9 (35) | < .001 |
| . | Total cohort (N = 8 447) . | Whites (n = 6 703) . | Blacks (n = 506) . | Hispanics (n = 1 071) . | Asians (n = 167) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (%) | ||||||
| Female | 3 642 (43) | 2 908 (43) | 218 (43) | 443 (41) | 73 (44) | — |
| Male | 4 805 (57) | 3 795 (57) | 288 (57) | 628 (59) | 94 (56) | .7 |
| WBC count/mL (%) | ||||||
| Lower than 50 000 | 6 606 (78) | 5 280 (79) | 353 (70) | 834 (78) | 139 (83) | — |
| 50 000 or higher | 1 841 (22) | 1 423 (21) | 153 (30) | 237 (22) | 28 (17) | < .001 |
| Age at diagnosis, y (%) | ||||||
| Younger than 1 | 224 (3) | 168 (2.5) | 18 (4) | 31 (3) | 7 (4) | — |
| 1 to 10 | 6 359 (75) | 5 104 (76) | 329 (65) | 792 (74) | 134 (80) | — |
| Older than 10 | 1 864 (22) | 1 431 (21.5) | 159 (31) | 248 (23) | 26 (16) | < .001 |
| NCI risk group (%) | ||||||
| Good risk | 5 127 (71) | 4 137 (62) | 236 (47) | 639 (60) | 115 (69) | — |
| Poor risk | 3 320 (29) | 2 566 (38) | 270 (53) | 432 (40) | 52 (31) | < .001 |
| Events (%) | ||||||
| Adverse event* | 2 482 (29) | 1 892 (28) | 197 (39) | 352 (33) | 41 (25) | < .001 |
| Death | 1 661 (20) | 1 255 (19) | 139 (28) | 247 (23) | 20 (12) | < .001 |
| Hemoglobin level, g/dL (%) | ||||||
| Lower than 10 | 6 628 (78) | 5 221 (78) | 399 (79) | 868 (81) | 140 (84) | .05 |
| 10 or higher | 1 819 (22) | 1 482 (22) | 107 (21) | 203 (19) | 27 (16) | — |
| Platelet count/mL (%) | ||||||
| Lower than 50 000 | 4 016 (48) | 3 213 (48) | 222 (44) | 511 (48) | 70 (42) | — |
| 50 000 or higher | 4 431 (52) | 3 490 (52) | 284 (56) | 560 (52) | 97 (58) | .2 |
| Liver size (%) | ||||||
| Normal | 3 889 (46) | 3 070 (46) | 250 (49) | 496 (46) | 73 (44) | — |
| Enlarged | 4 558 (54) | 3 633 (54) | 256 (51) | 575 (54) | 94 (56) | .4 |
| Spleen size (%) | ||||||
| Normal | 3 880 (46) | 2 991 (45) | 254 (50) | 545 (51) | 90 (54) | — |
| Enlarged | 4 567 (54) | 3 712 (55) | 252 (50) | 526 (49) | 77 (46) | < .001 |
| Chromosomal abnormalities (%) (N = 1 872)† | (n = 1 577) | (n = 118) | (n = 153) | (n = 24) | — | — |
| Normal | 579 (31) | 481 (31) | 30 (25) | 57 (37) | 11 (46) | — |
| Structural abnormalities‡ | 972 (52) | 822 (52) | 73 (62) | 69 (45) | 8 (33) | — |
| Numerical abnormalities | 321 (17) | 274 (17) | 15 (13) | 27 (18) | 5 (21) | .07 |
| Ploidy groups† | (n = 1 872) | (n = 1 577) | (n = 118) | (n = 153) | (n = 24) | — |
| Normal | 579 (31) | 481 (31) | 30 (25) | 57 (37) | 11 (46) | — |
| Hypodiploid | 111 (6) | 98 (6) | 5 (4) | 8 (5) | 0 (0) | — |
| Pseudodiploid | 510 (27) | 425 (27) | 44 (37) | 36 (24) | 5 (21) | — |
| Hyperdiploid (47-50) | 198 (11) | 164 (10) | 16 (14) | 15 (10) | 3 (13) | — |
| Hyperdiploid (> 50) | 474 (25) | 409 (26) | 23 (20) | 37 (24) | 5 (21) | .2 |
| Maternal education (%)1-153 | (n = 1 596) | (n = 1 381) | (n = 85) | (n = 103) | (n = 27) | — |
| High school or less | 694 (43.5) | 573 (42) | 46 (54) | 63 (61) | 12 (44) | — |
| More than high school | 902 (56.5) | 808 (58) | 39 (46) | 40 (39) | 15 (56) | < .001 |
| Paternal education (%)1-153 | (n = 1 491) | (n = 1 319) | (n = 61) | (n = 85) | (n = 26) | — |
| High school or less | 614 (41) | 510 (37) | 46 (75) | 52 (61) | 6 (23) | — |
| More than high school | 877 (59) | 809 (63) | 15 (25) | 33 (39) | 20 (77) | < .001 |
| Annual household income (%)1-153 | (n = 1 585) | (n = 1 373) | (n = 83) | (n = 103) | (n = 26) | — |
| $30 000 or less | 889 (56) | 724 (53) | 62 (75) | 86 (84) | 17 (65) | — |
| More than $30 000 | 696 (44) | 649 (47) | 21 (25) | 17 (16) | 9 (35) | < .001 |
Total number of children in the study (N = 8447) excludes children of mixed or other racial origin.
Adverse event denotes induction failure, relapse at any site, or death from any cause as the first event.
Chromosomal abnormalities were based on a subset of 1 872 cases (see “Materials and methods”).
Structural abnormalities include t(4;11), t(8;14), t(9;22), t(1;19), and others.
Parental education and household income were based on a subset of 1 596 cases (see “Materials and methods”).