Causes of neutropenia
| Myeloid suppression: decreased production or direct cytotoxicity |
| 1. 1. Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes such as severe congenital neutropenia, cyclic neutropenia, WHIM syndrome, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, and GATA2 deficiency, and leukemia, acute leukemias, and large granular lymphocytic leukemia |
| 2. Myelodysplastic syndromes |
| 3. Other marrow infiltrative malignancies and disorders |
| 4. Chemotherapy |
| 5. Alcohol use disorder |
| 6. Idiopathic neutropenia in adults |
| 7. Vitamin B12 deficiency |
| 8. Copper deficiency |
| 9. Metabolic disorders (Pearson syndrome, Gaucher syndrome, acidemias) |
| Infection induced |
| 1. Viral infections: hepatitis A, B, C; HIV/AIDS; EBV; CMV; HHV6 |
| 2. Lyme disease |
| 3. Malaria |
| 4. Salmonella infection |
| 5. Mycobacterial infections |
| 6. Fungal infections |
| 7. Sepsis |
| Conditions that destroy neutrophils in the bloodstream and that can result in neutropenia include: |
| Immune mediated |
| 1. Secondary to autoimmune disorders: rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, common variable hypogammaglobulinemia |
| 2. Drug induced: antibiotics, antithyroid drugs, clozapine and others |
| 3. Hypersplenism |
| 4. Autoimmune neutropenia |
| 5. Neonatal alloimmune neutropenia: maternal antibodies against human neutrophil alloantigens destroy fetal and neonatal neutrophils |
| Myeloid suppression: decreased production or direct cytotoxicity |
| 1. 1. Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes such as severe congenital neutropenia, cyclic neutropenia, WHIM syndrome, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, and GATA2 deficiency, and leukemia, acute leukemias, and large granular lymphocytic leukemia |
| 2. Myelodysplastic syndromes |
| 3. Other marrow infiltrative malignancies and disorders |
| 4. Chemotherapy |
| 5. Alcohol use disorder |
| 6. Idiopathic neutropenia in adults |
| 7. Vitamin B12 deficiency |
| 8. Copper deficiency |
| 9. Metabolic disorders (Pearson syndrome, Gaucher syndrome, acidemias) |
| Infection induced |
| 1. Viral infections: hepatitis A, B, C; HIV/AIDS; EBV; CMV; HHV6 |
| 2. Lyme disease |
| 3. Malaria |
| 4. Salmonella infection |
| 5. Mycobacterial infections |
| 6. Fungal infections |
| 7. Sepsis |
| Conditions that destroy neutrophils in the bloodstream and that can result in neutropenia include: |
| Immune mediated |
| 1. Secondary to autoimmune disorders: rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, common variable hypogammaglobulinemia |
| 2. Drug induced: antibiotics, antithyroid drugs, clozapine and others |
| 3. Hypersplenism |
| 4. Autoimmune neutropenia |
| 5. Neonatal alloimmune neutropenia: maternal antibodies against human neutrophil alloantigens destroy fetal and neonatal neutrophils |
CMV, cytomegalovirus; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; HHV6, human herpesvirus 6; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.