Table 1. Selected large multicenter... | American Society of Hematology

Table 1.

Selected large multicenter trials of older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Publications	Age	No of Pts	CR %	CCR at 4–5 yrs %	Comments
Abbreviations: TG, thioguanine; DFS, disease-free survival; ara-C, cytarabine; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; CR, complete response
Goldstone et al, 2001⁵	56–80	1311	50–62	15–18	6-TG added to induction superior to etoposide (p = 0.002).  No benefit from more than 1–2 courses of consolidation.
Lowenberg et al,1998³⁵	60–88	489	38–47	7–13	Mitoxantrone-containing induction regimen resulted in a slightly higher CR rate over daunorubicin-containing induction but had no significant effect on DFS or survival benefit to ara-C maintenance
Rowe et al, 2004³⁶	56–86	362	42	4	No difference in disease-free survival using idarubicin, mitoxantrone, or daunorubicin during induction.  Priming with GM-CSF did not improve response rate.
Stone et al, 1995³⁸	>60	388	53	13	Shorter duration of neutropenia in patients randomized to GM-CSF vs. placebo (p = 0.02) but no difference in life-threatening infections or response rate.
Godwin et al, 1998³⁷	56–88	234	45	Not given	G-CSF reduced time to neutrophil recovery (compared to placebo) but did not improve CR rate, survival, or hospitalization days
Mayer et al, 1994⁴	60–86	346	47	16	Intensification of cytarabine dose during post-remission therapy did not improve outcome.
Buchner et al, 2003⁶	60–82	297	60	13	Prolonged maintenance therapy resulted in modest improvements in relapse-free survival for poor-risk patients.

Publications	Age	No of Pts	CR %	CCR at 4–5 yrs %	Comments
Abbreviations: TG, thioguanine; DFS, disease-free survival; ara-C, cytarabine; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; CR, complete response
Goldstone et al, 2001⁵	56–80	1311	50–62	15–18	6-TG added to induction superior to etoposide (p = 0.002).  No benefit from more than 1–2 courses of consolidation.
Lowenberg et al,1998³⁵	60–88	489	38–47	7–13	Mitoxantrone-containing induction regimen resulted in a slightly higher CR rate over daunorubicin-containing induction but had no significant effect on DFS or survival benefit to ara-C maintenance
Rowe et al, 2004³⁶	56–86	362	42	4	No difference in disease-free survival using idarubicin, mitoxantrone, or daunorubicin during induction.  Priming with GM-CSF did not improve response rate.
Stone et al, 1995³⁸	>60	388	53	13	Shorter duration of neutropenia in patients randomized to GM-CSF vs. placebo (p = 0.02) but no difference in life-threatening infections or response rate.
Godwin et al, 1998³⁷	56–88	234	45	Not given	G-CSF reduced time to neutrophil recovery (compared to placebo) but did not improve CR rate, survival, or hospitalization days
Mayer et al, 1994⁴	60–86	346	47	16	Intensification of cytarabine dose during post-remission therapy did not improve outcome.
Buchner et al, 2003⁶	60–82	297	60	13	Prolonged maintenance therapy resulted in modest improvements in relapse-free survival for poor-risk patients.