MSM of RBCs in monkeys and humans with knowlesi malaria and in healthy monkey and human controls
| . | Average MSM of RBCs (pN/µm) . | . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy monkey controls (n = 3) . | Monkeys with P knowlesi (n = 3) . | Healthy human controls (n = 5) . | Humans with P knowlesi (n = 4) . | P (normocyte vs echinocyte) . | ||
| Normocytes . | Echinocytes . | |||||
| uRBCs | 4.2 | 5.0 | 3.2 | 5.1 | 14.3 | <.0001 |
| 4.0, 4.3, 4.5 (N = 8, 8, 7) | 4.9, 5.1, – (N = 10, 10, 0) | 1.2, 2.6, 4.2, 4.9, 5.4 (N = 4, 8, 10, 8, 10) | 7.0, 5.1, 3.6, 5.2 (N = 4, 6, 5, 5) | 13.6, 15.0, –, – (N = 5, 10, 0, 0) | ||
| Rings | 8.7 | 8.9 | 5.6 | <.0001 | ||
| 7.7, 9.9, – (N = 9, 7, 0) | 10.1, 5.8, 12.1, – (N = 7, 1, 5, 0) | 5.6, 6.5, 4.8, 2.6* (N = 5, 9, 5, 2) | ||||
| Trophozoites | 13.8 | 18.2 | 7.3 | .003 | ||
| 22.6, 12.6, 9.2 (N = 4, 6, 6) | 12.3, 16.9, 29.1, – (N = 4, 7, 1, 0) | 7.0, 5.7, 9.8, – (N = 6, 1, 4, 0) | ||||
| Schizonts | 16.9 | 28.4 | 43.6 | .011 | ||
| 21.9, 20.7, 10.7 (N = 3, 6, 6) | 34.1, 22.9, 29.3, – (N = 4, 5, 9, 0) | 47.5, 43.0, 40.6, – (N = 8, 8, 20, 0) | ||||
| . | Average MSM of RBCs (pN/µm) . | . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy monkey controls (n = 3) . | Monkeys with P knowlesi (n = 3) . | Healthy human controls (n = 5) . | Humans with P knowlesi (n = 4) . | P (normocyte vs echinocyte) . | ||
| Normocytes . | Echinocytes . | |||||
| uRBCs | 4.2 | 5.0 | 3.2 | 5.1 | 14.3 | <.0001 |
| 4.0, 4.3, 4.5 (N = 8, 8, 7) | 4.9, 5.1, – (N = 10, 10, 0) | 1.2, 2.6, 4.2, 4.9, 5.4 (N = 4, 8, 10, 8, 10) | 7.0, 5.1, 3.6, 5.2 (N = 4, 6, 5, 5) | 13.6, 15.0, –, – (N = 5, 10, 0, 0) | ||
| Rings | 8.7 | 8.9 | 5.6 | <.0001 | ||
| 7.7, 9.9, – (N = 9, 7, 0) | 10.1, 5.8, 12.1, – (N = 7, 1, 5, 0) | 5.6, 6.5, 4.8, 2.6* (N = 5, 9, 5, 2) | ||||
| Trophozoites | 13.8 | 18.2 | 7.3 | .003 | ||
| 22.6, 12.6, 9.2 (N = 4, 6, 6) | 12.3, 16.9, 29.1, – (N = 4, 7, 1, 0) | 7.0, 5.7, 9.8, – (N = 6, 1, 4, 0) | ||||
| Schizonts | 16.9 | 28.4 | 43.6 | .011 | ||
| 21.9, 20.7, 10.7 (N = 3, 6, 6) | 34.1, 22.9, 29.3, – (N = 4, 5, 9, 0) | 47.5, 43.0, 40.6, – (N = 8, 8, 20, 0) | ||||
The average of averages is presented in bold. Average is the geometric mean. The average for each participant is calculated first and is presented in the second row of each cell. Monkeys and humans with malaria are listed in the order given in the supplemental Figure (ie, subject 1, subject 2, subject 3). HHCs and monkey controls are ordered from lowest to highest. N is the number of RBCs examined for each participant, in respective order. P values are calculated by using mixed effects regression and adjusting for monkey and human participants and with MSM log-transformed. Using this analysis, MSM of uninfected echinocytes from humans with knowlesi malaria was 4.2-fold higher than MSM of RBCs from HHCs (P < .0001). MSM of uninfected normocytes from humans with knowlesi malaria was 1.5-fold higher than the MSM of RBCs from HHCs (P = .14). There was no significant difference in the MSM of RBCs from uninfected monkeys and the MSM of uRBCs from infected monkeys (P = .22).
Not included in the average of averages presented in bold or in the regression analyses because of the absence of data for other parasite stages.