Conditions associated with increased bleeding risk in leukemia.
| Thrombocytopenia |
| Endothelial cell injury |
| Leukemic infiltration especially M4, M5 |
| Leukostasis |
| Inflammatory cytokines |
| Radiation |
| Fibrinolysis—increased tPA, uPA, Annexin II |
| Disseminated intravascular coagulation |
| Acquired hemophilia—Factor VIII inhibitor |
| Drugs |
| Anticoagulants |
| Antiplatelet drugs |
| Bevacizamib |
| Hemorrhagic cystitis—cyclophosphamide/ifosfamide |
| Acquired von Willebrand syndrome |
| Comorbidity |
| Graft-versus-host disease |
| Impaired liver function |
| Impaired kidney function |
| Malnutrition |
| Thrombocytopenia |
| Endothelial cell injury |
| Leukemic infiltration especially M4, M5 |
| Leukostasis |
| Inflammatory cytokines |
| Radiation |
| Fibrinolysis—increased tPA, uPA, Annexin II |
| Disseminated intravascular coagulation |
| Acquired hemophilia—Factor VIII inhibitor |
| Drugs |
| Anticoagulants |
| Antiplatelet drugs |
| Bevacizamib |
| Hemorrhagic cystitis—cyclophosphamide/ifosfamide |
| Acquired von Willebrand syndrome |
| Comorbidity |
| Graft-versus-host disease |
| Impaired liver function |
| Impaired kidney function |
| Malnutrition |