asthma and/or atopic disease (rare)

allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

helminth infection

ectoparasite infestations (scabies, myiasis)

protozoal infection (rarely in isosporiasis and sarcocystis)

fungal infection (especially coccidiomycosis)

human immunodeficiency virus infection

leukemia

lymphoma

adenocarcinoma

sarcoid

inflammatory bowel disease

connective tissue disorders

cholesterol embolization

radiation exposure