Impact of PPAR-γ activation on TLR ligand-induced DC functions
. | No TLR ligand . | . | + TLR2L . | . | + TLR3L . | . | + TLR4L . | . | + TLR7L . | . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | DMSO . | TGZ . | DMSO . | TGZ . | DMSO . | TGZ . | DMSO . | TGZ . | DMSO . | TGZ . | |||||
| DC maturation marker | – | – | ++ | – | +++ | – | +++ | – | +++ | – | |||||
| RANTES, MIP-1α, IL-10, IL-12 | – | – | – (+) | – | +++ | + | +++ | + | – (+) | – | |||||
| MCP-1 | + | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | +++ | ++ | +++ | + | ++ | |||||
| Dextran uptake | + | ++ | – | ++ | – | ++ | – | ++ | + | ++ | |||||
| Migration | – | – | ++ | – | +++ | – | +++ | – | ++ | – | |||||
| Nuclear c-Rel | – | – | + | – | + | – | +++ | – | + | – | |||||
| ERK phosphorylation | – | – | + | – | + | – | + | – | + | – | |||||
| p38 phosphorylation | – | – | (+) | (+) | + | + | ++ | – | – | – | |||||
. | No TLR ligand . | . | + TLR2L . | . | + TLR3L . | . | + TLR4L . | . | + TLR7L . | . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | DMSO . | TGZ . | DMSO . | TGZ . | DMSO . | TGZ . | DMSO . | TGZ . | DMSO . | TGZ . | |||||
| DC maturation marker | – | – | ++ | – | +++ | – | +++ | – | +++ | – | |||||
| RANTES, MIP-1α, IL-10, IL-12 | – | – | – (+) | – | +++ | + | +++ | + | – (+) | – | |||||
| MCP-1 | + | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | +++ | ++ | +++ | + | ++ | |||||
| Dextran uptake | + | ++ | – | ++ | – | ++ | – | ++ | + | ++ | |||||
| Migration | – | – | ++ | – | +++ | – | +++ | – | ++ | – | |||||
| Nuclear c-Rel | – | – | + | – | + | – | +++ | – | + | – | |||||
| ERK phosphorylation | – | – | + | – | + | – | + | – | + | – | |||||
| p38 phosphorylation | – | – | (+) | (+) | + | + | ++ | – | – | – | |||||
Peripheral blood adhering monocytes were incubated for 6 days in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4 with or without 5 μM TGZ starting from the first day of culture. The cells were incubated with different TLR ligands as a maturation stimulus 24 hours before harvesting. - indicates negative; +, positive; ++, up-regulated, highly positive; +++, highly up-regulated, very highly positive; and (+), scarcely positive.