Table 3.

Univariate and multivariate longitudinal associations with ECV

VariableUnivariateMultivariate
Estimate95% CIP valueEstimate95% CIP value
Demographic/clinical       
Age 0.01 −0.22 to 0.27 .83    
Sex (female reference) −1.8 −3.8 to 0.21 .08    
Acute care events 0.24 −0.01 to 0.47 .05    
Systolic BP −0.41 −0.6 to −0.19 .001    
Diastolic BP −0.36 −0.55 to −0.13 .003    
Diastolic function       
Normal Ref      
Inconclusive 4.7 2.7-6.8 <.001 3.89 1.75-6 <.001 
Dysfunction 5.4 2.9-8 <.001 4.52 1.8-7.26 .0016 
Laboratory       
Fetal Hb −0.24 −0.46 to 0.01 .049    
Hemoglobin −0.59 −0.73 to −0.4 <.001 −1.48 −2.29 to −0.69 .001 
Reticulocyte count 0.37 0.13-0.56 .003    
Log NT-proBNP 0.49 0.28-0.66 <.001 1.01 0.25-1.88 .022 
Direct bilirubin 0.28 0.03-0.5 .023    
Absolute eosinophil count 0.33 0.08-0.54 .008    
Imaging       
LAVi 0.31 0.07-0.51 .013 0.1 0.01-0.19 .037 
LVEDVi 0.37 0.13-0.57 .003    
RVEDVi  0.33 0.09-0.54 .009    
Native T1 0.62 0.44-0.75 <.001 0.03 0.01-0.05 .002 
Peak MPA velocity 0.29 0.06-0.5 .016 0.04 0-0.08 .029 
ECM volume index  0.65 0.47-0.78 <.001    
VariableUnivariateMultivariate
Estimate95% CIP valueEstimate95% CIP value
Demographic/clinical       
Age 0.01 −0.22 to 0.27 .83    
Sex (female reference) −1.8 −3.8 to 0.21 .08    
Acute care events 0.24 −0.01 to 0.47 .05    
Systolic BP −0.41 −0.6 to −0.19 .001    
Diastolic BP −0.36 −0.55 to −0.13 .003    
Diastolic function       
Normal Ref      
Inconclusive 4.7 2.7-6.8 <.001 3.89 1.75-6 <.001 
Dysfunction 5.4 2.9-8 <.001 4.52 1.8-7.26 .0016 
Laboratory       
Fetal Hb −0.24 −0.46 to 0.01 .049    
Hemoglobin −0.59 −0.73 to −0.4 <.001 −1.48 −2.29 to −0.69 .001 
Reticulocyte count 0.37 0.13-0.56 .003    
Log NT-proBNP 0.49 0.28-0.66 <.001 1.01 0.25-1.88 .022 
Direct bilirubin 0.28 0.03-0.5 .023    
Absolute eosinophil count 0.33 0.08-0.54 .008    
Imaging       
LAVi 0.31 0.07-0.51 .013 0.1 0.01-0.19 .037 
LVEDVi 0.37 0.13-0.57 .003    
RVEDVi  0.33 0.09-0.54 .009    
Native T1 0.62 0.44-0.75 <.001 0.03 0.01-0.05 .002 
Peak MPA velocity 0.29 0.06-0.5 .016 0.04 0-0.08 .029 
ECM volume index  0.65 0.47-0.78 <.001    

R2 values for multivariate mixed-effects models: (1) demographics: conditional (0.57) and marginal (0.23); (2) laboratory: conditional (0.72) and marginal (0.45); (3) imaging: conditional (0.67) and marginal (0.42).

BP, blood pressure; Ref, reference category (normal diastolic function); RVEDVi, right ventricular end-diastolic volume indexed to body surface area; VIF, variance inflation factor.

Variable omitted due to multicollinearity (VIF > 5).

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