Clinical, laboratory, and molecular characteristics of the study cohort
| . | ER group N = 25 . | Non-ER group N = 110 . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical and treatment characteristics | |||
| Age, mean (range), y | 57.9 (44-69) | 56.6 (28-69) | .5 |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 18 (72) | 74 (67) | .83 |
| WHO PS, median (range) | 1 (0-3) | 1 (0-3) | .77 |
| b2m, mean (range), mg/L | 5.7 (2-17.5) | 4.8 (1.6-20) | .419 |
| >5.5, n (%) | 7 (28) | 24 (22) | .58 |
| >5.5 & creatine <1.2 mg/dL, n (%) | 4 (16) | 13 (12) | |
| Unknown | 8 (32) | 31 (28) | NA |
| Hemoglobin level, mean (range), g/L | 99.4 (52-151) | 107.3 (63-151) | .06 |
| ISS, n (%) | |||
| 1 | 1 (4) | 21 (19) | .018∗ |
| 2 | 9 (36) | 24 (22) | .12 |
| 3 | 7 (28) | 18 (16) | .59 |
| R-ISS, n (%) | |||
| 1 | 0 | 9 (8) | .024∗ |
| 2 | 14 (56) | 44 (40) | .08 |
| 3 | 3 (12) | 10 (9) | 1 |
| R2-ISS, n (%) | |||
| 1 | 0 | 9 (8) | .21 |
| 2 | 1 (4) | 38 (34.5) | .03∗ |
| 3 | 12 (48) | 53 (48) | .38 |
| 4 | 4 (16) | 10 (9) | .02∗ |
| Unknown ISS/R-ISS/R2-ISS | 8 (32) | 47 (43) | NA |
| MM type, n (%) | |||
| IgG | 15 (60) | 62 (56) | .8 |
| IgA | 7 (28) | 31 (28) | 1 |
| LCO | 2 (8) | 13 (12) | .7 |
| IgM | 1 (4) | 0 | .2 |
| IgD | 0 | 2 (2) | 1 |
| Unknown | 0 | 2 (2) | NA |
| HDC/ASCT, n (%) | 25 (100) | 110 (100) | 1 |
| Response premaintenance, n (%) | |||
| CR | 6 (24) | 35 (32) | .63 |
| VGPR | 15 (60) | 64 (58) | 1 |
| PR | 4 (16) | 10 (9) | .29 |
| Len maintenance, n (%) | 25 (100) | 110 (100) | 1 |
| Molecular characteristics | |||
| Complete genetic panel, n (%) | 25 (100) | 110 (100) | NA |
| HRD | 10 (40) | 56 (51) | .45 |
| t(4;14) or t(14;16) or t(14;20) | 11 (44) | 22 (20) | < .01∗∗ |
| t(11;14) | 5 (20) | 18 (16) | .89 |
| 1q+ | 14 (56) | 43 (39) | .09 |
| Gain 1q | 11 (44) | 32 (29) | |
| Amp1q | 3 (12) | 11 (10) | |
| Del1p, n (%) | 6 (24) | 13 (12) | .2 |
| Hemizygous deletion of 1p | 4 (16) | 11 (10) | |
| Homozygous deletion of 1p | 2 (8) | 2 (2) | |
| Del17p, n (%) | 5 (20) | 11 (10) | .29 |
| Hemizygous deletion of 17p | 5 (20) | 11 (10) | |
| Homozygous deletion of 17p | 0 | 0 | |
| Number of HRCA, n (%) | |||
| 0 HRCA | 7 (28) | 50 (45.5) | .12 |
| 1 HRCA (single hit) | 6 (24) | 38 (34.5) | .35 |
| 2 or more HRCA (double hit) | 12 (48) | 22 (20) | < .01∗∗ |
| 3 or more HRCA (triple hit) | 5 (20) | 6 (5) | .03∗ |
| IMS/IMWG-HR, n (%)† | |||
| Standard risk | 11 (44) | 76 (69) | .03∗ |
| High risk | 14 (56) | 34 (31) | |
| GEP-HR (SKY-92 signature), n (%) | |||
| Standard risk | 11 (44) | 91 (82.7) | < .01∗∗ |
| High risk | 14 (56) | 19 (17.3) | |
| IMS/IMWG- & GEP-SR† | 5 (20) | 68 (62) | .01∗ |
| IMS/IMWG- & GEP-HR† | 8 (32) | 11 (10) |
| . | ER group N = 25 . | Non-ER group N = 110 . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical and treatment characteristics | |||
| Age, mean (range), y | 57.9 (44-69) | 56.6 (28-69) | .5 |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 18 (72) | 74 (67) | .83 |
| WHO PS, median (range) | 1 (0-3) | 1 (0-3) | .77 |
| b2m, mean (range), mg/L | 5.7 (2-17.5) | 4.8 (1.6-20) | .419 |
| >5.5, n (%) | 7 (28) | 24 (22) | .58 |
| >5.5 & creatine <1.2 mg/dL, n (%) | 4 (16) | 13 (12) | |
| Unknown | 8 (32) | 31 (28) | NA |
| Hemoglobin level, mean (range), g/L | 99.4 (52-151) | 107.3 (63-151) | .06 |
| ISS, n (%) | |||
| 1 | 1 (4) | 21 (19) | .018∗ |
| 2 | 9 (36) | 24 (22) | .12 |
| 3 | 7 (28) | 18 (16) | .59 |
| R-ISS, n (%) | |||
| 1 | 0 | 9 (8) | .024∗ |
| 2 | 14 (56) | 44 (40) | .08 |
| 3 | 3 (12) | 10 (9) | 1 |
| R2-ISS, n (%) | |||
| 1 | 0 | 9 (8) | .21 |
| 2 | 1 (4) | 38 (34.5) | .03∗ |
| 3 | 12 (48) | 53 (48) | .38 |
| 4 | 4 (16) | 10 (9) | .02∗ |
| Unknown ISS/R-ISS/R2-ISS | 8 (32) | 47 (43) | NA |
| MM type, n (%) | |||
| IgG | 15 (60) | 62 (56) | .8 |
| IgA | 7 (28) | 31 (28) | 1 |
| LCO | 2 (8) | 13 (12) | .7 |
| IgM | 1 (4) | 0 | .2 |
| IgD | 0 | 2 (2) | 1 |
| Unknown | 0 | 2 (2) | NA |
| HDC/ASCT, n (%) | 25 (100) | 110 (100) | 1 |
| Response premaintenance, n (%) | |||
| CR | 6 (24) | 35 (32) | .63 |
| VGPR | 15 (60) | 64 (58) | 1 |
| PR | 4 (16) | 10 (9) | .29 |
| Len maintenance, n (%) | 25 (100) | 110 (100) | 1 |
| Molecular characteristics | |||
| Complete genetic panel, n (%) | 25 (100) | 110 (100) | NA |
| HRD | 10 (40) | 56 (51) | .45 |
| t(4;14) or t(14;16) or t(14;20) | 11 (44) | 22 (20) | < .01∗∗ |
| t(11;14) | 5 (20) | 18 (16) | .89 |
| 1q+ | 14 (56) | 43 (39) | .09 |
| Gain 1q | 11 (44) | 32 (29) | |
| Amp1q | 3 (12) | 11 (10) | |
| Del1p, n (%) | 6 (24) | 13 (12) | .2 |
| Hemizygous deletion of 1p | 4 (16) | 11 (10) | |
| Homozygous deletion of 1p | 2 (8) | 2 (2) | |
| Del17p, n (%) | 5 (20) | 11 (10) | .29 |
| Hemizygous deletion of 17p | 5 (20) | 11 (10) | |
| Homozygous deletion of 17p | 0 | 0 | |
| Number of HRCA, n (%) | |||
| 0 HRCA | 7 (28) | 50 (45.5) | .12 |
| 1 HRCA (single hit) | 6 (24) | 38 (34.5) | .35 |
| 2 or more HRCA (double hit) | 12 (48) | 22 (20) | < .01∗∗ |
| 3 or more HRCA (triple hit) | 5 (20) | 6 (5) | .03∗ |
| IMS/IMWG-HR, n (%)† | |||
| Standard risk | 11 (44) | 76 (69) | .03∗ |
| High risk | 14 (56) | 34 (31) | |
| GEP-HR (SKY-92 signature), n (%) | |||
| Standard risk | 11 (44) | 91 (82.7) | < .01∗∗ |
| High risk | 14 (56) | 19 (17.3) | |
| IMS/IMWG- & GEP-SR† | 5 (20) | 68 (62) | .01∗ |
| IMS/IMWG- & GEP-HR† | 8 (32) | 11 (10) |
Boldface P values indicate significance: ∗, <.05; ∗∗, <.01.
CR, complete response; HDC/ASCT, high-dose chemotherapy/autologous stem cell transplantation; HRCA, high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities; ISS, International Staging System; LCO, Light chain only; NA, not applicable; PR, partial response; VGPR, very good partial response; WHO PS, World Health Organization performance status.
IMS/IMWG-HR in this table is defined exclusively by cytogenetic aberrations and does not consider TP53 mutation status, which was only assessed in 11 patients, with 1 patient found to harbor a TP53 mutation (see Figure 1).