Weekly functional assessment during induction hospitalization by intervention arm
| Measures . | Intervention arm . | Baseline LSM (SE) . | Week 1 LSM (SE) . | Week 2 LSM (SE) . | Week 3 LSM (SE) . | Week 4 LSM (SE) . | P value time . | P value arm . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPPB total score (range, 0-12) | PA | 7.1 (0.7) | 6.1 (0.7) | 5.3 (0.7) | 4.5 (0.8) | 4.4 (4.4) | <.001 | .5 |
| Higher indicates better function | Usual care | 6.8 (0.7) | 5.3 (0.8); d∗ = 0.18 (−0.30 to 0.66); n = 65 | 4.1 (0.8); d = 0.26 (−0.21 to 0.74); n = 66 | 4.0 (0.8); d = 0.11 (−0.38 to 0.61); n = 59 | 4.3 (1.0); d = −0.02 (−0.56 to 0.60); n = 38 | ||
| SPPB walk score (range, 0-4) | PA | 2.7 (0.3) | 2.1 (0.3) | 1.9 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.3) | <.001 | .4 |
| Higher indicates better function | Usual care | 2.4 (0.3) | 2.1 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.4) | ||
| SPPB balance score (range, 0-4) | PA | 2.9 (0.3) | 2.5 (0.3) | 2.2 (0.3) | 1.7 (0.3) | 1.8 (0.4) | <.001 | .5 |
| Higher indicates better function | Usual care | 2.7 (0.3) | 2.0 (0.3) | 1.7 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.3) | 2.0 (0.4) | ||
| SPPB chair stand score (range, 0-4) | PA | 1.6 (0.2) | 1.5 (0.2) | 1.2 (0.2) | 1.2 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.3) | <.001 | .6 |
| Higher indicates better function | Usual care | 1.8 (0.2) | 1.2 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.3) | ||
| Grip strength | PA | 31.1 (1.7) | 30.2 (1.7) | 28.9 (1.7) | 28.6 (1.8) | 28.2 (1.9) | <.001 | .4 |
| Higher indicates better function | Usual care | 30.2 (1.7) | 28.6 (1.7) | 28.5 (1.8) | 25.8 (1.8) | 28.4 (2.1) | ||
| MAT-SF | PA | 51.7 (2.0) | 52.2 (2.0) | 50.1 (2.1) | 50.2 (2.2) | 50.4 (2.3) | .04 | .9 |
| Higher indicates better perceived function | Usual care | 53.9 (2.1) | 50.2 (2.1) | 49.5 (2.2) | 49.2 (2.4) | 50.5 (2.1) | ||
| PAT-D total score | PA | 1.9 (0.2) | 2.1 (0.2) | 2.2 (0.2) | 2.4 (0.2) | 2.1 (0.2) | <.001 | .9 |
| Higher indicates worse self-reported function | Usual care | 1.7 (0.2) | 2.1 (0.2) | 2.1 (0.2) | 2.4 (0.2) | 2.3 (0.3) | ||
| PAT-D Activities of Daily Living subscale | PA | 1.4 (0.1) | 1.6 (0.1) | 1.7 (0.2) | 1.9 (0.2) | 1.7 (0.2) | .009 | 1.0 |
| Higher indicates worse self-reported function | Usual care | 1.4 (0.1) | 1.8 (0.2) | 1.6 (0.2) | 1.8 (0.2) | 1.7 (0.2) | ||
| PAT-D Instrumental Activities of Daily Living subscale | PA | 1.6 (0.2) | 1.9 (0.2) | 2.0 (0.2) | 2.0 (0.2) | 2.1 (0.2) | .002 | .8 |
| Higher indicates worse self-reported function | Usual care | 1.5 (0.2) | 1.8 (0.2) | 1.9 (0.2) | 2.0 (0.2) | 2.2 (0.3) | ||
| PAT-D Mobility subscale | PA | 2.7 (0.2) | 3.0 (0.2) | 3.1 (0.3) | 2.9 (0.3) | 3.0 (0.3) | .01 | .7 |
| Higher indicates worse self-reported function | Usual care | 2.3 (0.2) | 2.8 (0.3) | 3.1 (0.3) | 3.2 (0.3) | 2.8 (0.4) | ||
| Digit symbol substitution test | PA | 33.9 (2.5) | 35.9 (2.5) | 35.2 (2.6) | 32.7 (2.7) | 33.2 (2.9) | .64 | .2 |
| Higher indicates better performance | Usual care | 37.2 (2.6) | 38.1 (2.6) | 40.0 (2.7) | 39.3 (2.7) | 40.0 (3.4) |
| Measures . | Intervention arm . | Baseline LSM (SE) . | Week 1 LSM (SE) . | Week 2 LSM (SE) . | Week 3 LSM (SE) . | Week 4 LSM (SE) . | P value time . | P value arm . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPPB total score (range, 0-12) | PA | 7.1 (0.7) | 6.1 (0.7) | 5.3 (0.7) | 4.5 (0.8) | 4.4 (4.4) | <.001 | .5 |
| Higher indicates better function | Usual care | 6.8 (0.7) | 5.3 (0.8); d∗ = 0.18 (−0.30 to 0.66); n = 65 | 4.1 (0.8); d = 0.26 (−0.21 to 0.74); n = 66 | 4.0 (0.8); d = 0.11 (−0.38 to 0.61); n = 59 | 4.3 (1.0); d = −0.02 (−0.56 to 0.60); n = 38 | ||
| SPPB walk score (range, 0-4) | PA | 2.7 (0.3) | 2.1 (0.3) | 1.9 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.3) | <.001 | .4 |
| Higher indicates better function | Usual care | 2.4 (0.3) | 2.1 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.4) | ||
| SPPB balance score (range, 0-4) | PA | 2.9 (0.3) | 2.5 (0.3) | 2.2 (0.3) | 1.7 (0.3) | 1.8 (0.4) | <.001 | .5 |
| Higher indicates better function | Usual care | 2.7 (0.3) | 2.0 (0.3) | 1.7 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.3) | 2.0 (0.4) | ||
| SPPB chair stand score (range, 0-4) | PA | 1.6 (0.2) | 1.5 (0.2) | 1.2 (0.2) | 1.2 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.3) | <.001 | .6 |
| Higher indicates better function | Usual care | 1.8 (0.2) | 1.2 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.3) | ||
| Grip strength | PA | 31.1 (1.7) | 30.2 (1.7) | 28.9 (1.7) | 28.6 (1.8) | 28.2 (1.9) | <.001 | .4 |
| Higher indicates better function | Usual care | 30.2 (1.7) | 28.6 (1.7) | 28.5 (1.8) | 25.8 (1.8) | 28.4 (2.1) | ||
| MAT-SF | PA | 51.7 (2.0) | 52.2 (2.0) | 50.1 (2.1) | 50.2 (2.2) | 50.4 (2.3) | .04 | .9 |
| Higher indicates better perceived function | Usual care | 53.9 (2.1) | 50.2 (2.1) | 49.5 (2.2) | 49.2 (2.4) | 50.5 (2.1) | ||
| PAT-D total score | PA | 1.9 (0.2) | 2.1 (0.2) | 2.2 (0.2) | 2.4 (0.2) | 2.1 (0.2) | <.001 | .9 |
| Higher indicates worse self-reported function | Usual care | 1.7 (0.2) | 2.1 (0.2) | 2.1 (0.2) | 2.4 (0.2) | 2.3 (0.3) | ||
| PAT-D Activities of Daily Living subscale | PA | 1.4 (0.1) | 1.6 (0.1) | 1.7 (0.2) | 1.9 (0.2) | 1.7 (0.2) | .009 | 1.0 |
| Higher indicates worse self-reported function | Usual care | 1.4 (0.1) | 1.8 (0.2) | 1.6 (0.2) | 1.8 (0.2) | 1.7 (0.2) | ||
| PAT-D Instrumental Activities of Daily Living subscale | PA | 1.6 (0.2) | 1.9 (0.2) | 2.0 (0.2) | 2.0 (0.2) | 2.1 (0.2) | .002 | .8 |
| Higher indicates worse self-reported function | Usual care | 1.5 (0.2) | 1.8 (0.2) | 1.9 (0.2) | 2.0 (0.2) | 2.2 (0.3) | ||
| PAT-D Mobility subscale | PA | 2.7 (0.2) | 3.0 (0.2) | 3.1 (0.3) | 2.9 (0.3) | 3.0 (0.3) | .01 | .7 |
| Higher indicates worse self-reported function | Usual care | 2.3 (0.2) | 2.8 (0.3) | 3.1 (0.3) | 3.2 (0.3) | 2.8 (0.4) | ||
| Digit symbol substitution test | PA | 33.9 (2.5) | 35.9 (2.5) | 35.2 (2.6) | 32.7 (2.7) | 33.2 (2.9) | .64 | .2 |
| Higher indicates better performance | Usual care | 37.2 (2.6) | 38.1 (2.6) | 40.0 (2.7) | 39.3 (2.7) | 40.0 (3.4) |
Data are reported as LSM with SE from a mixed model; all interactions were nonsignificant.
LSM, least squares mean; SE, standard error.
d = difference in terms of effect size (in number of SD), with 95% CI.