PICO questions, subgroups, and outcomes of interest
| PICO question . | Subgroups . | Outcomes . |
|---|---|---|
| For pediatric patients with symptomatic DVT or PE, should anticoagulation vs no anticoagulation be used? | Neonates Children Adolescents CVAD Cancer APLA | Mortality Resolution Recurrence of VTE Extension of thrombus/PE Major bleeding/CRNMB PTS HITT |
| For pediatric patients with clinically unsuspected (previously asymptomatic) DVT or PE, should anticoagulation vs no anticoagulation be used? | Neonates Children Adolescents CVAD Cancer APLA Presence of thrombophilia | Mortality Resolution Recurrence of VTE Extension of thrombus/PE Major bleeding/CRNMB PTS HITT |
| For pediatric patients with provoked VTE, should anticoagulation for 6 wk vs 3 mo be used? | Neonates Children Adolescents CVAD Cancer APLA CSVT Provoked with persistent risk factors Provoked with resolved risk factors | Mortality Resolution Recurrence of VTE Extension of thrombus/PE Major bleeding/CRNMB PTS HITT |
| For pediatric patients with unprovoked DVT or PE, should anticoagulation for 6 to 12 mo vs indefinite anticoagulation be used? | Neonates Children Adolescents APLA | Mortality Resolution Recurrence of VTE Extension of thrombus/PE Major bleeding/CRNMB PTS HITT |
| For pediatric patients with CSVT, should anticoagulation vs no anticoagulation be used? For pediatric patients with CSVT, should thrombolysis followed by anticoagulation vs anticoagulation alone be used? | Neonates Children Adolescents ICH Infection Asparaginase Trauma | Mortality Recurrence of VTE Resolution Cerebral infarction Neurologic outcome Major bleeding/CRNMB HITT |
| For neonates and pediatric patients with RAT, should anticoagulation vs no anticoagulation be used? For neonates and pediatric patients with RAT, should thrombolysis followed by anticoagulation vs anticoagulation alone be used? | Neonates Children | Mortality Recurrence of VTE Resolution Cerebral infarction Neurologic outcome Major bleeding/CRNMB PTS HITT |
| For neonates with RVT, should anticoagulation vs no anticoagulation be used? For neonates with RVT, should thrombolysis followed by anticoagulation vs anticoagulation alone be used? | Neonates Unilateral vs bilateral IVC extension AKI | Mortality Recurrence of VTE Resolution Kidney function (eGFR, proteinuria) Blood pressure Kidney atrophy Major bleeding/CRNMB |
| For neonates and pediatric patients with PVT, should anticoagulation vs no anticoagulation be used? | Neonates Children Catheter related Occlusive Spontaneous After liver transplant | Mortality Resolution Recurrence of VTE Extension of thrombus/PE Major bleeding/CRNMB PHTN HITT |
| For pediatric patients with SVT, should anticoagulation vs no anticoagulation be used? | Neonates Children Adolescents Provoked Unprovoked | Mortality Resolution Recurrence of VTE Extension of thrombus/PE Major bleeding/CRNMB PTS HITT |
| For pediatric patients with proximal DVT, should thrombolysis followed by anticoagulation vs anticoagulation alone be used? For pediatric patients with submassive PE, should thrombolysis followed by anticoagulation vs anticoagulation alone be used? For pediatric patients with PE with hemodynamic compromise, should thrombolysis followed by anticoagulation vs anticoagulation alone be used? | Neonates Children Adolescents | Mortality Resolution Recurrence of VTE Major bleeding/CRNMB PTS |
| For pediatric patients with symptomatic CVAD-related thrombosis, should immediate removal of a nonfunctioning or unneeded CVAD vs delayed removal be used? | Neonates Children Adolescents PICC line Central line | Mortality PE Paradoxical emboli Major bleeding/CRNMB PTS |
| For pediatric patients with VTE, should DOACs vs SOC anticoagulants be used? For pediatric patients with VTE, should rivaroxaban vs SOC anticoagulants be used? For pediatric patients with VTE, should dabigatran vs SOC anticoagulants be used? For pediatric patients with VTE, should either rivaroxaban or dabigatran be preferentially used? | Neonates Children Adolescents Presence of bleeding Thrombocytopenia Periprocedural Renal insufficiency Hepatic insufficiency | Mortality Resolution Recurrence of VTE Extension of thrombus/PE Major bleeding/CRNMB PTS |
| PICO question . | Subgroups . | Outcomes . |
|---|---|---|
| For pediatric patients with symptomatic DVT or PE, should anticoagulation vs no anticoagulation be used? | Neonates Children Adolescents CVAD Cancer APLA | Mortality Resolution Recurrence of VTE Extension of thrombus/PE Major bleeding/CRNMB PTS HITT |
| For pediatric patients with clinically unsuspected (previously asymptomatic) DVT or PE, should anticoagulation vs no anticoagulation be used? | Neonates Children Adolescents CVAD Cancer APLA Presence of thrombophilia | Mortality Resolution Recurrence of VTE Extension of thrombus/PE Major bleeding/CRNMB PTS HITT |
| For pediatric patients with provoked VTE, should anticoagulation for 6 wk vs 3 mo be used? | Neonates Children Adolescents CVAD Cancer APLA CSVT Provoked with persistent risk factors Provoked with resolved risk factors | Mortality Resolution Recurrence of VTE Extension of thrombus/PE Major bleeding/CRNMB PTS HITT |
| For pediatric patients with unprovoked DVT or PE, should anticoagulation for 6 to 12 mo vs indefinite anticoagulation be used? | Neonates Children Adolescents APLA | Mortality Resolution Recurrence of VTE Extension of thrombus/PE Major bleeding/CRNMB PTS HITT |
| For pediatric patients with CSVT, should anticoagulation vs no anticoagulation be used? For pediatric patients with CSVT, should thrombolysis followed by anticoagulation vs anticoagulation alone be used? | Neonates Children Adolescents ICH Infection Asparaginase Trauma | Mortality Recurrence of VTE Resolution Cerebral infarction Neurologic outcome Major bleeding/CRNMB HITT |
| For neonates and pediatric patients with RAT, should anticoagulation vs no anticoagulation be used? For neonates and pediatric patients with RAT, should thrombolysis followed by anticoagulation vs anticoagulation alone be used? | Neonates Children | Mortality Recurrence of VTE Resolution Cerebral infarction Neurologic outcome Major bleeding/CRNMB PTS HITT |
| For neonates with RVT, should anticoagulation vs no anticoagulation be used? For neonates with RVT, should thrombolysis followed by anticoagulation vs anticoagulation alone be used? | Neonates Unilateral vs bilateral IVC extension AKI | Mortality Recurrence of VTE Resolution Kidney function (eGFR, proteinuria) Blood pressure Kidney atrophy Major bleeding/CRNMB |
| For neonates and pediatric patients with PVT, should anticoagulation vs no anticoagulation be used? | Neonates Children Catheter related Occlusive Spontaneous After liver transplant | Mortality Resolution Recurrence of VTE Extension of thrombus/PE Major bleeding/CRNMB PHTN HITT |
| For pediatric patients with SVT, should anticoagulation vs no anticoagulation be used? | Neonates Children Adolescents Provoked Unprovoked | Mortality Resolution Recurrence of VTE Extension of thrombus/PE Major bleeding/CRNMB PTS HITT |
| For pediatric patients with proximal DVT, should thrombolysis followed by anticoagulation vs anticoagulation alone be used? For pediatric patients with submassive PE, should thrombolysis followed by anticoagulation vs anticoagulation alone be used? For pediatric patients with PE with hemodynamic compromise, should thrombolysis followed by anticoagulation vs anticoagulation alone be used? | Neonates Children Adolescents | Mortality Resolution Recurrence of VTE Major bleeding/CRNMB PTS |
| For pediatric patients with symptomatic CVAD-related thrombosis, should immediate removal of a nonfunctioning or unneeded CVAD vs delayed removal be used? | Neonates Children Adolescents PICC line Central line | Mortality PE Paradoxical emboli Major bleeding/CRNMB PTS |
| For pediatric patients with VTE, should DOACs vs SOC anticoagulants be used? For pediatric patients with VTE, should rivaroxaban vs SOC anticoagulants be used? For pediatric patients with VTE, should dabigatran vs SOC anticoagulants be used? For pediatric patients with VTE, should either rivaroxaban or dabigatran be preferentially used? | Neonates Children Adolescents Presence of bleeding Thrombocytopenia Periprocedural Renal insufficiency Hepatic insufficiency | Mortality Resolution Recurrence of VTE Extension of thrombus/PE Major bleeding/CRNMB PTS |
AKI, acute kidney injury; APLA, anti phospholipid antibody; eGFR, estimated GFR; HITT, heparin induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis; ICH, intracranial hemorrhage; PICO, population, intervention, caomparison, outcome.