Representative studies on VTE in patients on testosterone based GAHT
| Study . | Patient demographics . | Study type and intervention . | Results . | Conclusions . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mullins et al (2021)48 | 611 adolescents and young adults on GAHT; median age = 17 at initiation of therapy; 68.1% were on testosterone GAHT; N = 611 | Retrospective chart review of patients already on testosterone, primarily IM and SQ formulations; treatment was titrated to physiological normal | No incidental occurrence of arterial or venous thrombosis associated with GAHT was found. | Multiple thrombotic risk factors were noted among the cohort, including obesity, tobacco use, and personal and family history of thrombosis. |
| Oakes et al (2021)49 | Transgender and nonbinary individuals receiving testosterone GAHT; N = 519 | The group performed a retrospective study of patients receiving any form of exogenous testosterone; 90% of patients received IM or SQ formulation. | Thromboembolic events occurred in 5/519 patients (2 superficial vein thromboses, 2 calf vein thromboses, 1 ischemic stroke). Four of these patients met criteria for erythrocytosis at any time during their care, but none met criteria during the event. Two events occurred after surgery, and 2 patients had predisposing risk factors, including tobacco use and recent trAUma. | While 5/519 patients experienced thromboembolic events, none had polycythemia at the time of the event, and the majority had predisposing risk factors. |
| Study . | Patient demographics . | Study type and intervention . | Results . | Conclusions . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mullins et al (2021)48 | 611 adolescents and young adults on GAHT; median age = 17 at initiation of therapy; 68.1% were on testosterone GAHT; N = 611 | Retrospective chart review of patients already on testosterone, primarily IM and SQ formulations; treatment was titrated to physiological normal | No incidental occurrence of arterial or venous thrombosis associated with GAHT was found. | Multiple thrombotic risk factors were noted among the cohort, including obesity, tobacco use, and personal and family history of thrombosis. |
| Oakes et al (2021)49 | Transgender and nonbinary individuals receiving testosterone GAHT; N = 519 | The group performed a retrospective study of patients receiving any form of exogenous testosterone; 90% of patients received IM or SQ formulation. | Thromboembolic events occurred in 5/519 patients (2 superficial vein thromboses, 2 calf vein thromboses, 1 ischemic stroke). Four of these patients met criteria for erythrocytosis at any time during their care, but none met criteria during the event. Two events occurred after surgery, and 2 patients had predisposing risk factors, including tobacco use and recent trAUma. | While 5/519 patients experienced thromboembolic events, none had polycythemia at the time of the event, and the majority had predisposing risk factors. |
GAHT, gender affirming hormone therapy; IM, intramuscular; SQ, subcutaneous.