Outcome effect sizes and treatment effects at different time points
| Outcome . | Time point . | CON (n) . | INT (n) . | ES (95% CI) . | Tx effect (95% CI) . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient-reported outcomes | ||||||
| SF-36 | ||||||
| Physical functioning | T1 | 32 | 28 | −0.062 (−0.621 to 0.497) | −1.63 (−16.19 to 12.92) | .83 |
| T2 | 28 | 24 | 0.54 (−0.05 to 1.13) | 14.1 (−1.2 to 29.4) | .07 | |
| T3 | 28 | 18 | 0.25 (−0.37 to 0.88) | 6.64 (−9.59 to 22.86) | .42 | |
| Role limitations because of physical health | T1 | 34 | 28 | −0.46 (−1.02 to 0.10) | −18.5 (−40.8 to 3.7) | .1 |
| T2 | 28 | 22 | 0.20 (−0.40 to 0.80) | 8.13 (−15.91 to 32.16) | .51 | |
| T3 | 29 | 17 | 0.46 (−0.17 to 1.09) | 18.5 (−6.7 to 43.8) | .15 | |
| Role limitations because of emotional problems | T1 | 33 | 28 | −0.36 (−0.93 to 0.21) | −15.9 (−40.6 to 8.8) | .21 |
| T2 | 27 | 20 | −0.12 (−0.74 to 0.51) | −5.05 (−32.23 to 22.14) | .71 | |
| T3 | 28 | 17 | −0.033 (−0.673 to 0.607) | −1.43 (−29.36 to 26.49) | .92 | |
| Energy or fatigue | T1 | 34 | 28 | 0.21 (−0.31 to 0.74) | 4.59 (−6.65 to 15.83) | .42 |
| T2 | 29 | 22 | 0.28 (−0.28 to 0.85) | 6.11 (−5.95 to 18.16) | .32 | |
| T3 | 29 | 17 | 0.53 (−0.07 to 1.13) | 11.4 (−1.3 to 24.1) | .08 | |
| Emotional well-being | T1 | 34 | 28 | 0.014 (−0.435 to 0.463) | 0.25 (−7.99 to 8.49) | .95 |
| T2 | 29 | 22 | 0.30 (−0.19 to 0.78) | 5.52 (−3.33 to 14.37) | .22 | |
| T3 | 29 | 17 | 0.40 (−0.11 to 0.91) | 7.38 (−1.98 to 16.74) | .12 | |
| Social functioning | T1 | 34 | 28 | −0.070 (−0.601 to 0.461) | −2.15 (−18.27 to 13.98) | .79 |
| T2 | 28 | 23 | −0.15 (−0.72 to 0.42) | −4.57 (−21.85 to 12.71) | .6 | |
| T3 | 29 | 18 | 0.29 (−0.31 to 0.89) | 8.85 (−9.23 to 26.93) | .34 | |
| General health | T1 | 34 | 28 | 0.090 (−0.340 to 0.520) | 1.98 (−7.33 to 11.29) | .67 |
| T2 | 29 | 19 | 0.15 (−0.33 to 0.63) | 3.22 (−7.16 to 13.60) | .54 | |
| T3 | 29 | 17 | 0.30 (−0.19 to 0.79) | 6.60 (−4.05 to 17.24) | .22 | |
| WHODAS 2.0∗ | T1 | 33 | 28 | −0.21 (−0.38 to 0.80) | 1.76 (−3.13 to 6.66) | .48 |
| T2 | 28 | 18 | 0.37 (−1.02 to 0.29) | −3.08 (−8.54 to 2.39) | .27 | |
| T3 | 29 | 16 | 0.29 (−0.96 to 0.38) | −2.46 (−8.04 to 3.12) | .39 | |
| abPG-SGA∗ | T1 | 35 | 29 | 0.13 (−0.77 to 0.51) | −0.62 (−3.72 to 2.48) | .69 |
| T2 | 32 | 25 | 0.14 (−0.81to 0.52) | −0.70 (−3.92 to 2.51) | .67 | |
| T3 | 31 | 20 | 0.48 (−1.17 to 0.22) | −2.32 (−5.68 to 1.04) | .18 | |
| GAD-7∗ | T1 | 35 | 29 | 0.018 (−0.477 to 0.441) | −0.083 (−2.223 to 2.057) | .94 |
| T2 | 32 | 24 | 0.29 (−0.77 to 0.19) | −1.37 (−3.62 to 0.88) | .23 | |
| T3 | 30 | 19 | 0.22 (−0.74 to 0.29) | −1.06 (−3.43 to 1.32) | .38 | |
| FACT-BMT (total) | T1 | 30 | 28 | 0.12 (−0.27 to 0.50) | 2.57 (−5.94 to 11.07) | .55 |
| T2 | 25 | 19 | 0.60 (0.16-1.04) | 13.4 (3.9-23.0) | .006 | |
| T3 | 25 | 13 | 0.32 (−0.15 to 0.80) | 7.23 (−3.18 to 17.64) | .17 | |
| Physical well-being | T1 | 31 | 28 | 0.38 (−0.16 to 0.93) | 2.11 (−0.85 to 5.06) | .16 |
| T2 | 25 | 20 | 0.57 (−0.04 to 1.17) | 3.11 (−0.16 to 6.39) | .06 | |
| T3 | 25 | 14 | 0.29 (−0.36 to 0.94) | 1.57 (−1.96 to 5.10) | .38 | |
| Social or family well-being | T1 | 31 | 28 | −0.38 (−0.77 to −4.1e-03) | −1.87 (−3.68 to −0.06) | .04 |
| T2 | 25 | 20 | 0.001 (−0.422 to 0.424) | 0.004 (−2.033 to 2.041) | 1 | |
| T3 | 25 | 13 | 0.024 (−0.438 to 0.486) | 0.12 (−2.11 to 2.34) | .92 | |
| Emotional well-being | T1 | 31 | 28 | −0.12 (−0.54 to 0.30) | −0.61 (−2.71 to 1.49) | .56 |
| T2 | 25 | 21 | −0.041 (−0.507 to 0.425) | −0.20 (−2.54 to 2.13) | .86 | |
| T3 | 25 | 14 | −0.14 (−0.64 to 0.36) | −0.71 (−3.24 to 1.81) | .58 | |
| Functional well-being | T1 | 31 | 28 | 0.23 (−0.20 to 0.65) | 1.49 (−1.31 to 4.30) | .29 |
| T2 | 25 | 21 | 0.83 (0.34-1.32) | 5.49 (2.38-8.60) | <.001 | |
| T3 | 25 | 14 | 0.45 (−0.07 to 0.97) | 2.98 (−0.39 to 6.35) | .08 | |
| BMT subscale | T1 | 30 | 28 | 0.16 (−0.27 to 0.59) | 1.09 (−1.80 to 3.98) | .46 |
| T2 | 25 | 21 | 0.49 (0.01 to 0.96) | 3.33 (0.16 to 6.50) | .04 | |
| T3 | 25 | 14 | 0.23 (−0.29 to 0.74) | 1.55 (−1.92 to 5.02) | .38 | |
| FACT-Cog (CogPCI) | T1 | 30 | 28 | 0.32 (−0.19 to 0.83) | 3.60 (−2.07 to 9.26) | .21 |
| T2 | 24 | 20 | 0.32 (−0.24 to 0.89) | 3.63 (−2.66 to 9.92) | .26 | |
| T3 | 23 | 14 | 0.070 (−0.545 to 0.685) | 0.78 (−6.04 to 7.61) | .82 | |
| Physiological outcomes | ||||||
| Body composition | ||||||
| Weight (kg) | T1 | 35 | 29 | −0.004 (−0.113 to 0.105) | −0.092 (−2.340 to 2.156) | .94 |
| T2 | 27 | 25 | −0.045 (−0.164 to 0.074) | −0.93 (−3.36 to 1.50) | .45 | |
| T3 | 26 | 19 | −0.004 (−0.129 to 0.121) | −0.086 (−2.670 to 2.498) | .95 | |
| BMI | T1 | 35 | 29 | 0.002 (−0.117 to 0.121) | 0.015 (−0.751 to 0.781) | .97 |
| T2 | 27 | 25 | −0.052 (−0.181 to 0.077) | −0.33 (−1.16 to 0.49) | .42 | |
| T3 | 26 | 19 | −0.013 (−0.150 to 0.124) | −0.083 (−0.963 to 0.797) | .85 | |
| Body fat (%) | T1 | 30 | 25 | −0.042 (−0.285 to 0.201) | −0.42 (−2.85 to 2.00) | .73 |
| T2 | 21 | 20 | 0.17 (−0.10 to 0.44) | 1.73 (−0.96 to 4.41) | .2 | |
| T3 | 19 | 15 | 0.062 (−0.233 to 0.357) | 0.62 (−2.31 to 3.56) | .67 | |
| GST | ||||||
| Max R (kg) | T1 | 36 | 29 | 0.073 (−0.299 to 0.445) | 0.91 (−3.74 to 5.57) | .7 |
| T2 | 32 | 25 | 0.53 (0.13-0.93) | 6.67 (1.77-11.57) | .008 | |
| T3 | 30 | 22 | 0.29 (−0.12 to 0.70) | 3.61 (−1.47 to 8.69) | .16 | |
| Max L (kg) | T1 | 36 | 29 | 0.005 (−0.403 to 0.413) | 0.060 (−4.845 to 4.965) | .98 |
| T2 | 32 | 25 | 0.33 (−0.10 to 0.76) | 4.02 (−1.15 to 9.18) | .13 | |
| T3 | 30 | 22 | 0.035 (−0.410 to 0.480) | 0.42 (−4.93 to 5.77) | .88 | |
| Sum (kg) | T1 | 36 | 29 | 0.042 (−0.338 to 0.422) | 0.99 (−7.91to 9.89) | .83 |
| T2 | 32 | 25 | 0.46 (0.05-0.86) | 10.7 (1.4-20.1) | .03 | |
| T3 | 30 | 22 | 0.18 (−0.24 to 0.59) | 4.14 (−5.58 to 13.85) | .4 | |
| 30s-STS test | T1 | 36 | 29 | 0.48 (0.02-0.94) | 2.62 (0.15-5.08) | .04 |
| T2 | 32 | 25 | 0.79 (0.31-1.28) | 4.33 (1.73-6.92) | .001 | |
| T3 | 30 | 22 | 0.70 (0.20-1.21) | 3.83 (1.14-6.52) | .006 | |
| 6MW test (m) | T1 | 33 | 25 | 0.54 (−0.07 to 1.14) | 92.5 (−10.6 to 195.6) | .08 |
| T2 | 29 | 25 | 0.57 (−0.05 to 1.19) | 98.0 (−7.3 to 203.3) | .07 | |
| T3 | 30 | 21 | 0.13 (−0.50 to 0.77) | 22.9 (−85.4 to 131.2) | .68 | |
| Outcome . | Time point . | CON (n) . | INT (n) . | ES (95% CI) . | Tx effect (95% CI) . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient-reported outcomes | ||||||
| SF-36 | ||||||
| Physical functioning | T1 | 32 | 28 | −0.062 (−0.621 to 0.497) | −1.63 (−16.19 to 12.92) | .83 |
| T2 | 28 | 24 | 0.54 (−0.05 to 1.13) | 14.1 (−1.2 to 29.4) | .07 | |
| T3 | 28 | 18 | 0.25 (−0.37 to 0.88) | 6.64 (−9.59 to 22.86) | .42 | |
| Role limitations because of physical health | T1 | 34 | 28 | −0.46 (−1.02 to 0.10) | −18.5 (−40.8 to 3.7) | .1 |
| T2 | 28 | 22 | 0.20 (−0.40 to 0.80) | 8.13 (−15.91 to 32.16) | .51 | |
| T3 | 29 | 17 | 0.46 (−0.17 to 1.09) | 18.5 (−6.7 to 43.8) | .15 | |
| Role limitations because of emotional problems | T1 | 33 | 28 | −0.36 (−0.93 to 0.21) | −15.9 (−40.6 to 8.8) | .21 |
| T2 | 27 | 20 | −0.12 (−0.74 to 0.51) | −5.05 (−32.23 to 22.14) | .71 | |
| T3 | 28 | 17 | −0.033 (−0.673 to 0.607) | −1.43 (−29.36 to 26.49) | .92 | |
| Energy or fatigue | T1 | 34 | 28 | 0.21 (−0.31 to 0.74) | 4.59 (−6.65 to 15.83) | .42 |
| T2 | 29 | 22 | 0.28 (−0.28 to 0.85) | 6.11 (−5.95 to 18.16) | .32 | |
| T3 | 29 | 17 | 0.53 (−0.07 to 1.13) | 11.4 (−1.3 to 24.1) | .08 | |
| Emotional well-being | T1 | 34 | 28 | 0.014 (−0.435 to 0.463) | 0.25 (−7.99 to 8.49) | .95 |
| T2 | 29 | 22 | 0.30 (−0.19 to 0.78) | 5.52 (−3.33 to 14.37) | .22 | |
| T3 | 29 | 17 | 0.40 (−0.11 to 0.91) | 7.38 (−1.98 to 16.74) | .12 | |
| Social functioning | T1 | 34 | 28 | −0.070 (−0.601 to 0.461) | −2.15 (−18.27 to 13.98) | .79 |
| T2 | 28 | 23 | −0.15 (−0.72 to 0.42) | −4.57 (−21.85 to 12.71) | .6 | |
| T3 | 29 | 18 | 0.29 (−0.31 to 0.89) | 8.85 (−9.23 to 26.93) | .34 | |
| General health | T1 | 34 | 28 | 0.090 (−0.340 to 0.520) | 1.98 (−7.33 to 11.29) | .67 |
| T2 | 29 | 19 | 0.15 (−0.33 to 0.63) | 3.22 (−7.16 to 13.60) | .54 | |
| T3 | 29 | 17 | 0.30 (−0.19 to 0.79) | 6.60 (−4.05 to 17.24) | .22 | |
| WHODAS 2.0∗ | T1 | 33 | 28 | −0.21 (−0.38 to 0.80) | 1.76 (−3.13 to 6.66) | .48 |
| T2 | 28 | 18 | 0.37 (−1.02 to 0.29) | −3.08 (−8.54 to 2.39) | .27 | |
| T3 | 29 | 16 | 0.29 (−0.96 to 0.38) | −2.46 (−8.04 to 3.12) | .39 | |
| abPG-SGA∗ | T1 | 35 | 29 | 0.13 (−0.77 to 0.51) | −0.62 (−3.72 to 2.48) | .69 |
| T2 | 32 | 25 | 0.14 (−0.81to 0.52) | −0.70 (−3.92 to 2.51) | .67 | |
| T3 | 31 | 20 | 0.48 (−1.17 to 0.22) | −2.32 (−5.68 to 1.04) | .18 | |
| GAD-7∗ | T1 | 35 | 29 | 0.018 (−0.477 to 0.441) | −0.083 (−2.223 to 2.057) | .94 |
| T2 | 32 | 24 | 0.29 (−0.77 to 0.19) | −1.37 (−3.62 to 0.88) | .23 | |
| T3 | 30 | 19 | 0.22 (−0.74 to 0.29) | −1.06 (−3.43 to 1.32) | .38 | |
| FACT-BMT (total) | T1 | 30 | 28 | 0.12 (−0.27 to 0.50) | 2.57 (−5.94 to 11.07) | .55 |
| T2 | 25 | 19 | 0.60 (0.16-1.04) | 13.4 (3.9-23.0) | .006 | |
| T3 | 25 | 13 | 0.32 (−0.15 to 0.80) | 7.23 (−3.18 to 17.64) | .17 | |
| Physical well-being | T1 | 31 | 28 | 0.38 (−0.16 to 0.93) | 2.11 (−0.85 to 5.06) | .16 |
| T2 | 25 | 20 | 0.57 (−0.04 to 1.17) | 3.11 (−0.16 to 6.39) | .06 | |
| T3 | 25 | 14 | 0.29 (−0.36 to 0.94) | 1.57 (−1.96 to 5.10) | .38 | |
| Social or family well-being | T1 | 31 | 28 | −0.38 (−0.77 to −4.1e-03) | −1.87 (−3.68 to −0.06) | .04 |
| T2 | 25 | 20 | 0.001 (−0.422 to 0.424) | 0.004 (−2.033 to 2.041) | 1 | |
| T3 | 25 | 13 | 0.024 (−0.438 to 0.486) | 0.12 (−2.11 to 2.34) | .92 | |
| Emotional well-being | T1 | 31 | 28 | −0.12 (−0.54 to 0.30) | −0.61 (−2.71 to 1.49) | .56 |
| T2 | 25 | 21 | −0.041 (−0.507 to 0.425) | −0.20 (−2.54 to 2.13) | .86 | |
| T3 | 25 | 14 | −0.14 (−0.64 to 0.36) | −0.71 (−3.24 to 1.81) | .58 | |
| Functional well-being | T1 | 31 | 28 | 0.23 (−0.20 to 0.65) | 1.49 (−1.31 to 4.30) | .29 |
| T2 | 25 | 21 | 0.83 (0.34-1.32) | 5.49 (2.38-8.60) | <.001 | |
| T3 | 25 | 14 | 0.45 (−0.07 to 0.97) | 2.98 (−0.39 to 6.35) | .08 | |
| BMT subscale | T1 | 30 | 28 | 0.16 (−0.27 to 0.59) | 1.09 (−1.80 to 3.98) | .46 |
| T2 | 25 | 21 | 0.49 (0.01 to 0.96) | 3.33 (0.16 to 6.50) | .04 | |
| T3 | 25 | 14 | 0.23 (−0.29 to 0.74) | 1.55 (−1.92 to 5.02) | .38 | |
| FACT-Cog (CogPCI) | T1 | 30 | 28 | 0.32 (−0.19 to 0.83) | 3.60 (−2.07 to 9.26) | .21 |
| T2 | 24 | 20 | 0.32 (−0.24 to 0.89) | 3.63 (−2.66 to 9.92) | .26 | |
| T3 | 23 | 14 | 0.070 (−0.545 to 0.685) | 0.78 (−6.04 to 7.61) | .82 | |
| Physiological outcomes | ||||||
| Body composition | ||||||
| Weight (kg) | T1 | 35 | 29 | −0.004 (−0.113 to 0.105) | −0.092 (−2.340 to 2.156) | .94 |
| T2 | 27 | 25 | −0.045 (−0.164 to 0.074) | −0.93 (−3.36 to 1.50) | .45 | |
| T3 | 26 | 19 | −0.004 (−0.129 to 0.121) | −0.086 (−2.670 to 2.498) | .95 | |
| BMI | T1 | 35 | 29 | 0.002 (−0.117 to 0.121) | 0.015 (−0.751 to 0.781) | .97 |
| T2 | 27 | 25 | −0.052 (−0.181 to 0.077) | −0.33 (−1.16 to 0.49) | .42 | |
| T3 | 26 | 19 | −0.013 (−0.150 to 0.124) | −0.083 (−0.963 to 0.797) | .85 | |
| Body fat (%) | T1 | 30 | 25 | −0.042 (−0.285 to 0.201) | −0.42 (−2.85 to 2.00) | .73 |
| T2 | 21 | 20 | 0.17 (−0.10 to 0.44) | 1.73 (−0.96 to 4.41) | .2 | |
| T3 | 19 | 15 | 0.062 (−0.233 to 0.357) | 0.62 (−2.31 to 3.56) | .67 | |
| GST | ||||||
| Max R (kg) | T1 | 36 | 29 | 0.073 (−0.299 to 0.445) | 0.91 (−3.74 to 5.57) | .7 |
| T2 | 32 | 25 | 0.53 (0.13-0.93) | 6.67 (1.77-11.57) | .008 | |
| T3 | 30 | 22 | 0.29 (−0.12 to 0.70) | 3.61 (−1.47 to 8.69) | .16 | |
| Max L (kg) | T1 | 36 | 29 | 0.005 (−0.403 to 0.413) | 0.060 (−4.845 to 4.965) | .98 |
| T2 | 32 | 25 | 0.33 (−0.10 to 0.76) | 4.02 (−1.15 to 9.18) | .13 | |
| T3 | 30 | 22 | 0.035 (−0.410 to 0.480) | 0.42 (−4.93 to 5.77) | .88 | |
| Sum (kg) | T1 | 36 | 29 | 0.042 (−0.338 to 0.422) | 0.99 (−7.91to 9.89) | .83 |
| T2 | 32 | 25 | 0.46 (0.05-0.86) | 10.7 (1.4-20.1) | .03 | |
| T3 | 30 | 22 | 0.18 (−0.24 to 0.59) | 4.14 (−5.58 to 13.85) | .4 | |
| 30s-STS test | T1 | 36 | 29 | 0.48 (0.02-0.94) | 2.62 (0.15-5.08) | .04 |
| T2 | 32 | 25 | 0.79 (0.31-1.28) | 4.33 (1.73-6.92) | .001 | |
| T3 | 30 | 22 | 0.70 (0.20-1.21) | 3.83 (1.14-6.52) | .006 | |
| 6MW test (m) | T1 | 33 | 25 | 0.54 (−0.07 to 1.14) | 92.5 (−10.6 to 195.6) | .08 |
| T2 | 29 | 25 | 0.57 (−0.05 to 1.19) | 98.0 (−7.3 to 203.3) | .07 | |
| T3 | 30 | 21 | 0.13 (−0.50 to 0.77) | 22.9 (−85.4 to 131.2) | .68 | |
This table lists the treatment effects (in the units of the outcome) and the corresponding effect sizes at admission, discharge, and follow-up. The estimated effect sizes and treatment effects were calculated after controlling for baseline differences. Within-group changes have not been examined.
ES, effect size; Tx effect, treatment effect.
Results from these outcomes were reversed scored so that all positive effect sizes represent improvement in the intervention group.