Association between daily food intake of fats, sweets, and beverages, estimated from 24-hour DR data, and overall, LRMGUS, and IHRMGUS in 1779 participants in the case-control study of dietary characteristics and MGUS in NHANES
| Food group∗ . | n (%) . | OR (95% CI)†,‡,§ . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MGUS . | LRMGUS . | IHRMGUS . | Non-MGUS . | MGUS . | LRMGUS . | IHRMGUS . | |
| Fats, oils, and salad dressings, g/d | |||||||
| None | 147 (39.4) | 54 (34.2) | 74 (41.1) | 580 (41.3) | ref | ref | ref |
| Q1 (0.8-13.8) | 106 (28.4) | 52 (32.9) | 48 (26.7) | 403 (28.7) | 1.08 (0.81-1.44) | 1.43 (0.94-2.17) | 0.97 (0.65-1.45) |
| Q2 (14.0-247.7) | 120 (32.2) | 52 (32.9) | 58 (32.2) | 423 (30.1) | 1.21 (0.91-1.62) | 1.42 (0.93-2.17) | 1.14 (0.77-1.69) |
| Sugars, sweets, and beverages, g/d | |||||||
| T1 (0.0-540.0) | 122 (32.7) | 45 (28.5) | 62 (34.4) | 468 (33.3) | ref|| | ref|| | ref |
| T2 (541.0-997.0) | 112 (30.0) | 46 (29.1) | 57 (31.7) | 469 (33.4) | 0.99 (0.74-1.33) | 1.05 (0.68-1.63) | 1.03 (0.69-1.52) |
| T3 (998.0-12752.8) | 139 (37.3) | 67 (42.4) | 61 (33.9) | 469 (33.4) | 1.39 (1.02-1.89) | 1.68 (1.08-2.60) | 1.26 (0.83-1.94) |
| Sugar-sweetened foods and beverages, g/d | |||||||
| T1 (0-55) | 120 (32.2) | 43 (27.2) | 66 (36.7) | 467 (33.2) | ref | ref|| | ref |
| T2 (56-336.8) | 113 (30.3) | 48 (30.4) | 52 (28.9) | 470 (33.4) | 0.96 (0.72-1.29) | 1.15 (0.74-1.78) | 0.78 (0.52-1.16) |
| T3 (337.7-2319) | 140 (37.5) | 67 (42.4) | 62 (34.4) | 469 (33.4) | 1.26 (0.94-1.68) | 1.65 (1.08-2.53) | 1.01 (0.68-1.50) |
| Sugar-sweetened beverages, g/d | |||||||
| None | 209 (56.0) | 83 (52.5) | 104 (57.8) | 801 (57.0) | ref | ref|| | ref |
| Q1 (46.9-369.6) | 63 (16.9) | 23 (14.6) | 33 (18.3) | 293 (20.8) | 0.82 (0.59-1.12) | 0.76 (0.47-1.24) | 0.86 (0.56-1.31) |
| Q2 (370-2280) | 101 (27.1) | 52 (32.9) | 43 (23.9) | 312 (22.2) | 1.34 (1.00-1.78) | 1.68 (1.13-2.49) | 1.20 (0.80-1.79) |
| Soft drinks, g/d | |||||||
| None | 211 (56.6) | 82 (51.9) | 108 (60.0) | 825 (58.7) | ref|| | ref|| | ref |
| Q1 (8-368) | 65 (17.4) | 29 (18.4) | 29 (16.1) | 285 (20.3) | 0.92 (0.68-1.26) | 1.03 (0.66-1.61) | 0.83 (0.54-1.28) |
| Q2 (369-3840) | 97 (26.0) | 47 (29.8) | 43 (23.9) | 296 (21.1) | 1.43 (1.06-1.92) | 1.68 (1.11-2.53) | 1.28 (0.85-1.92) |
| Soft drinks (sugar-sweetened), g/d | |||||||
| None | 268 (71.9) | 112 (70.9) | 130 (72.2) | 1013 (72.1) | ref | ref | ref |
| Q1 (15.4-369) | 39 (10.5) | 14 (8.9) | 20 (11.1) | 200 (14.2) | 0.74 (0.51-1.07) | 0.64 (0.37-1.13) | 0.81 (0.49-1.33) |
| Q2 (370-1860) | 66 (17.7) | 32 (20.3) | 30 (16.7) | 193 (13.7) | 1.41 (1.01-1.96) | 1.53 (0.98-2.39) | 1.42 (0.90-2.23) |
| Soft drinks (artificially sweetened), g/d | |||||||
| None | 317 (85.0) | 128 (81.0) | 159 (88.3) | 1211 (86.1) | ref | ref|| | ref |
| Q1 (8-355) | 18 (4.8) | 8 (5.1) | 8 (4.4) | 91 (6.5) | 0.80 (0.48-1.34) | 0.90 (0.43-1.85) | 0.73 (0.35-1.51) |
| Q2 (360-2028.9) | 38 (10.2) | 22 (13.9) | 13 (7.2) | 104 (7.4) | 1.55 (1.04-2.33) | 2.13 (1.28-3.56) | 1.09 (0.60-2.01) |
| Cola, g/d | |||||||
| None | 267 (71.6) | 109 (69.0) | 133 (73.9) | 1045 (74.3) | ref|| | ref|| | ref |
| Q1 (15.5-369) | 41 (11.0) | 17 (10.8) | 19 (10.6) | 180 (12.8) | 0.92 (0.64-1.33) | 0.93 (0.55-1.58) | 0.87 (0.53-1.45) |
| Q2 (372-2028.9) | 65 (17.4) | 32 (20.3) | 28 (15.6) | 181 (12.9) | 1.59 (1.14-2.22) | 1.77 (1.13-2.78) | 1.47 (0.92-2.33) |
| Tea (sugar-sweetened), g/d | |||||||
| None | 346 (92.8) | 142 (89.9) | 170 (94.4) | 1325 (94.2) | ref | ref|| | ref |
| Any (118.4-1894.4) | 27 (7.2) | 16 (10.1) | 10 (5.6) | 81 (5.8) | 1.31 (0.84-2.06) | 1.88 (1.07-3.28) | 1.03 (0.53-2.00) |
| Tea (unsweetened), g/d | |||||||
| None | 316 (84.7) | 133 (84.2) | 155 (86.1) | 1133 (80.6) | ref | ref | ref |
| Q1 (59-338) | 26 (7.0) | 12 (7.6) | 9 (5.0) | 131 (9.3) | 0.70 (0.45-1.09) | 0.80 (0.43-1.47) | 0.51 (0.26-1.01) |
| Q2 (355.2-3552) | 31 (8.3) | 13 (8.2) | 16 (8.9) | 142 (10.1) | 0.81 (0.54-1.22) | 0.80 (0.44-1.45) | 0.87 (0.51-1.50) |
| Food group∗ . | n (%) . | OR (95% CI)†,‡,§ . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MGUS . | LRMGUS . | IHRMGUS . | Non-MGUS . | MGUS . | LRMGUS . | IHRMGUS . | |
| Fats, oils, and salad dressings, g/d | |||||||
| None | 147 (39.4) | 54 (34.2) | 74 (41.1) | 580 (41.3) | ref | ref | ref |
| Q1 (0.8-13.8) | 106 (28.4) | 52 (32.9) | 48 (26.7) | 403 (28.7) | 1.08 (0.81-1.44) | 1.43 (0.94-2.17) | 0.97 (0.65-1.45) |
| Q2 (14.0-247.7) | 120 (32.2) | 52 (32.9) | 58 (32.2) | 423 (30.1) | 1.21 (0.91-1.62) | 1.42 (0.93-2.17) | 1.14 (0.77-1.69) |
| Sugars, sweets, and beverages, g/d | |||||||
| T1 (0.0-540.0) | 122 (32.7) | 45 (28.5) | 62 (34.4) | 468 (33.3) | ref|| | ref|| | ref |
| T2 (541.0-997.0) | 112 (30.0) | 46 (29.1) | 57 (31.7) | 469 (33.4) | 0.99 (0.74-1.33) | 1.05 (0.68-1.63) | 1.03 (0.69-1.52) |
| T3 (998.0-12752.8) | 139 (37.3) | 67 (42.4) | 61 (33.9) | 469 (33.4) | 1.39 (1.02-1.89) | 1.68 (1.08-2.60) | 1.26 (0.83-1.94) |
| Sugar-sweetened foods and beverages, g/d | |||||||
| T1 (0-55) | 120 (32.2) | 43 (27.2) | 66 (36.7) | 467 (33.2) | ref | ref|| | ref |
| T2 (56-336.8) | 113 (30.3) | 48 (30.4) | 52 (28.9) | 470 (33.4) | 0.96 (0.72-1.29) | 1.15 (0.74-1.78) | 0.78 (0.52-1.16) |
| T3 (337.7-2319) | 140 (37.5) | 67 (42.4) | 62 (34.4) | 469 (33.4) | 1.26 (0.94-1.68) | 1.65 (1.08-2.53) | 1.01 (0.68-1.50) |
| Sugar-sweetened beverages, g/d | |||||||
| None | 209 (56.0) | 83 (52.5) | 104 (57.8) | 801 (57.0) | ref | ref|| | ref |
| Q1 (46.9-369.6) | 63 (16.9) | 23 (14.6) | 33 (18.3) | 293 (20.8) | 0.82 (0.59-1.12) | 0.76 (0.47-1.24) | 0.86 (0.56-1.31) |
| Q2 (370-2280) | 101 (27.1) | 52 (32.9) | 43 (23.9) | 312 (22.2) | 1.34 (1.00-1.78) | 1.68 (1.13-2.49) | 1.20 (0.80-1.79) |
| Soft drinks, g/d | |||||||
| None | 211 (56.6) | 82 (51.9) | 108 (60.0) | 825 (58.7) | ref|| | ref|| | ref |
| Q1 (8-368) | 65 (17.4) | 29 (18.4) | 29 (16.1) | 285 (20.3) | 0.92 (0.68-1.26) | 1.03 (0.66-1.61) | 0.83 (0.54-1.28) |
| Q2 (369-3840) | 97 (26.0) | 47 (29.8) | 43 (23.9) | 296 (21.1) | 1.43 (1.06-1.92) | 1.68 (1.11-2.53) | 1.28 (0.85-1.92) |
| Soft drinks (sugar-sweetened), g/d | |||||||
| None | 268 (71.9) | 112 (70.9) | 130 (72.2) | 1013 (72.1) | ref | ref | ref |
| Q1 (15.4-369) | 39 (10.5) | 14 (8.9) | 20 (11.1) | 200 (14.2) | 0.74 (0.51-1.07) | 0.64 (0.37-1.13) | 0.81 (0.49-1.33) |
| Q2 (370-1860) | 66 (17.7) | 32 (20.3) | 30 (16.7) | 193 (13.7) | 1.41 (1.01-1.96) | 1.53 (0.98-2.39) | 1.42 (0.90-2.23) |
| Soft drinks (artificially sweetened), g/d | |||||||
| None | 317 (85.0) | 128 (81.0) | 159 (88.3) | 1211 (86.1) | ref | ref|| | ref |
| Q1 (8-355) | 18 (4.8) | 8 (5.1) | 8 (4.4) | 91 (6.5) | 0.80 (0.48-1.34) | 0.90 (0.43-1.85) | 0.73 (0.35-1.51) |
| Q2 (360-2028.9) | 38 (10.2) | 22 (13.9) | 13 (7.2) | 104 (7.4) | 1.55 (1.04-2.33) | 2.13 (1.28-3.56) | 1.09 (0.60-2.01) |
| Cola, g/d | |||||||
| None | 267 (71.6) | 109 (69.0) | 133 (73.9) | 1045 (74.3) | ref|| | ref|| | ref |
| Q1 (15.5-369) | 41 (11.0) | 17 (10.8) | 19 (10.6) | 180 (12.8) | 0.92 (0.64-1.33) | 0.93 (0.55-1.58) | 0.87 (0.53-1.45) |
| Q2 (372-2028.9) | 65 (17.4) | 32 (20.3) | 28 (15.6) | 181 (12.9) | 1.59 (1.14-2.22) | 1.77 (1.13-2.78) | 1.47 (0.92-2.33) |
| Tea (sugar-sweetened), g/d | |||||||
| None | 346 (92.8) | 142 (89.9) | 170 (94.4) | 1325 (94.2) | ref | ref|| | ref |
| Any (118.4-1894.4) | 27 (7.2) | 16 (10.1) | 10 (5.6) | 81 (5.8) | 1.31 (0.84-2.06) | 1.88 (1.07-3.28) | 1.03 (0.53-2.00) |
| Tea (unsweetened), g/d | |||||||
| None | 316 (84.7) | 133 (84.2) | 155 (86.1) | 1133 (80.6) | ref | ref | ref |
| Q1 (59-338) | 26 (7.0) | 12 (7.6) | 9 (5.0) | 131 (9.3) | 0.70 (0.45-1.09) | 0.80 (0.43-1.47) | 0.51 (0.26-1.01) |
| Q2 (355.2-3552) | 31 (8.3) | 13 (8.2) | 16 (8.9) | 142 (10.1) | 0.81 (0.54-1.22) | 0.80 (0.44-1.45) | 0.87 (0.51-1.50) |
ref, reference.
Bold text indicates statistical significance.
Unindented categories are primary USDA food groups. Indented categories are custom food groups.
Adjusted for age, sex, race, BMI, and total daily energy intake.
ORs of MGUS, LRMGUS, and IHRMGUS, all relative to those of controls (non-MGUS).
Significance of overall category based on P trend.
P trend < 0.05.