Diagnostic investigation results according to ICANS grade
| . | ICANS all grades (n = 91) . | Grade 1 (n = 26) . | Grade 2 (n = 32) . | Grade 3 (n = 21) . | Grade 4 (n = 12) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MRI, n (%) | 71/91 (78%) | 11/26 (42%) | 27/32 (88%) | 21/21 (100%) | 12/12 (100%) |
| Normal | 57/71 (80%) | 10/11 (91%) | 25/27 (92%) | 17/21 (81%) | 5/12 (42%) |
| Edema | 5/71 (7%) | 1/11 (9%) | 1/27 (4%) | 0/21 (0%) | 3/12 (25%) |
| Stroke | 4/71 (6%) | 0/11 (0%) | 0/27 (0%) | 2/21 (10%) | 2/12 (17%) |
| Pachymeningitis∗ | 3/71 (4%) | 0/11 (0%) | 0/27 (0%) | 1/21 (5%) | 2/12 (17%) |
| Tumor flare† | 1/71 (1%) | 0/11 (0%) | 0/27 (0%) | 1/21 (5%) | 0/12 (0%) |
| Hemopathy progression‡ | 1/71 (1%) | 0/11 (0%) | 1/27 (4%) | 0/21 (0%) | 0/12 (0%) |
| Therapeutic impact§ | 3/71 (4%) | 1/26 (4%) | 0/32 (0%) | 2/21 (10%) | 0/12 (0%) |
| APT or ACD – no. (%) | 3/71 (4%) | 1/26 (4%) | 0/32 (0%) | 2/21 (10%) | 0/12 (0%) |
| LP, n (%) | 43 /91 (47%) | 5/26 (24%) | 16/32 (50%) | 12/21 (57%) | 10/12 (83%) |
| Normal LP‖, n (%) | 6/43 (14%) | 3/5 (60%) | 2/16 (13%) | 0/12 (0%) | 1/10 (10%) |
| Cells/mm3, median (IQR) | 3 (1-9) | 2 (1-24) | 5 (1-9) | 4.5 (1-9.25) | 2.5 (1-7.25) |
| Proteinorachy, median (IQR), g/L | 0.6 (0.44-1.36) | 0.35 (0.3-0.39) | 0.58 (0.45-0.88) | 0.75 (0.55-1.18) | 1.05 (0.6-1.80) |
| Microbial agent, n (%) | 0/43 (0%) | 0/5 (0%) | 0/16 (0%) | 0/12 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) |
| Therapeutic impact¶, n (%) | 3/43 (7%) | 1/5 (20%) | 1/16 (6%) | 0/12 (0%) | 1/10 (10%) |
| Preemptive antimicrobials exposure for unconfirmed infection, n (%) | 3/43 (7%) | 1/5 (20%) | 1/16 (6%) | 0/12 (0%) | 1/10 (10%) |
| Antiviral exposure, n (%) | 2/43 (5%) | 1/5 (20%) | 1/16 (6%) | 0/12 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) |
| Antifungal exposure, n (%) | 1/43 (2%) | 0/5 (0%) | 0/16 (0%) | 0/12 (0%) | 1/10 (10%) |
| EEG, n (%) | 51/ 91 (56%) | 4/26 (15%) | 18/32 (56%) | 17/21 (81%) | 12/12 (100%) |
| Normal | 9/51 (18%) | 2/4 (50%) | 5/18 (28%) | 1/17 (6%) | 1/12 (8%) |
| Abnormal EEG | 42/51 (82%) | 2/4 (50%) | 13/18 (72%) | 16/17 (94%) | 11/12 (92%) |
| Encephalopathy | 23/51 (45%) | 2/4 (50%) | 7/18 (39%) | 11/17 (65%) | 3/12 (25%) |
| Seizure or status epilepticus | 6/51 (12%) | 0/4 (0%) | 1/18 (6%) | 1/17 (6%) | 4/12 (33%) |
| Uncertain between encephalopathy or seizure | 3/51 (6%) | 0/4 (0%) | 0/18 (0%) | 2/17 (12%) | 1/12 (8%) |
| Background slowing | 8/51 (16%) | 0/4 (0%) | 4/18 (22%) | 2/17 (12%) | 2/12 (17%) |
| FIRDAS | 1/51 (2%) | 0/4 (0%) | 1/18 (6%) | 0/17 (0%) | 0/12 (0%) |
| Therapeutic impact# | 8/51 (16%) | 0/4 (0%) | 1/18 (6%) | 3/17 (18%) | 4/12 (33%) |
| AE changes because of EEG | 8/51 (16%) | 0/4 (0%) | 1/18 (6%) | 3/17 (18%) | 4/12 (33%) |
| Upgrading AE | 7/51 (14%) | 0/4 (0%) | 1/18 (6%) | 2/17 (12%) | 4/12 (33%) |
| Decreasing AE | 1/51 (2%) | 0/4 (0%) | 0/18 (0%) | 1/17 (6%) | 0/12 (0%) |
| . | ICANS all grades (n = 91) . | Grade 1 (n = 26) . | Grade 2 (n = 32) . | Grade 3 (n = 21) . | Grade 4 (n = 12) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MRI, n (%) | 71/91 (78%) | 11/26 (42%) | 27/32 (88%) | 21/21 (100%) | 12/12 (100%) |
| Normal | 57/71 (80%) | 10/11 (91%) | 25/27 (92%) | 17/21 (81%) | 5/12 (42%) |
| Edema | 5/71 (7%) | 1/11 (9%) | 1/27 (4%) | 0/21 (0%) | 3/12 (25%) |
| Stroke | 4/71 (6%) | 0/11 (0%) | 0/27 (0%) | 2/21 (10%) | 2/12 (17%) |
| Pachymeningitis∗ | 3/71 (4%) | 0/11 (0%) | 0/27 (0%) | 1/21 (5%) | 2/12 (17%) |
| Tumor flare† | 1/71 (1%) | 0/11 (0%) | 0/27 (0%) | 1/21 (5%) | 0/12 (0%) |
| Hemopathy progression‡ | 1/71 (1%) | 0/11 (0%) | 1/27 (4%) | 0/21 (0%) | 0/12 (0%) |
| Therapeutic impact§ | 3/71 (4%) | 1/26 (4%) | 0/32 (0%) | 2/21 (10%) | 0/12 (0%) |
| APT or ACD – no. (%) | 3/71 (4%) | 1/26 (4%) | 0/32 (0%) | 2/21 (10%) | 0/12 (0%) |
| LP, n (%) | 43 /91 (47%) | 5/26 (24%) | 16/32 (50%) | 12/21 (57%) | 10/12 (83%) |
| Normal LP‖, n (%) | 6/43 (14%) | 3/5 (60%) | 2/16 (13%) | 0/12 (0%) | 1/10 (10%) |
| Cells/mm3, median (IQR) | 3 (1-9) | 2 (1-24) | 5 (1-9) | 4.5 (1-9.25) | 2.5 (1-7.25) |
| Proteinorachy, median (IQR), g/L | 0.6 (0.44-1.36) | 0.35 (0.3-0.39) | 0.58 (0.45-0.88) | 0.75 (0.55-1.18) | 1.05 (0.6-1.80) |
| Microbial agent, n (%) | 0/43 (0%) | 0/5 (0%) | 0/16 (0%) | 0/12 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) |
| Therapeutic impact¶, n (%) | 3/43 (7%) | 1/5 (20%) | 1/16 (6%) | 0/12 (0%) | 1/10 (10%) |
| Preemptive antimicrobials exposure for unconfirmed infection, n (%) | 3/43 (7%) | 1/5 (20%) | 1/16 (6%) | 0/12 (0%) | 1/10 (10%) |
| Antiviral exposure, n (%) | 2/43 (5%) | 1/5 (20%) | 1/16 (6%) | 0/12 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) |
| Antifungal exposure, n (%) | 1/43 (2%) | 0/5 (0%) | 0/16 (0%) | 0/12 (0%) | 1/10 (10%) |
| EEG, n (%) | 51/ 91 (56%) | 4/26 (15%) | 18/32 (56%) | 17/21 (81%) | 12/12 (100%) |
| Normal | 9/51 (18%) | 2/4 (50%) | 5/18 (28%) | 1/17 (6%) | 1/12 (8%) |
| Abnormal EEG | 42/51 (82%) | 2/4 (50%) | 13/18 (72%) | 16/17 (94%) | 11/12 (92%) |
| Encephalopathy | 23/51 (45%) | 2/4 (50%) | 7/18 (39%) | 11/17 (65%) | 3/12 (25%) |
| Seizure or status epilepticus | 6/51 (12%) | 0/4 (0%) | 1/18 (6%) | 1/17 (6%) | 4/12 (33%) |
| Uncertain between encephalopathy or seizure | 3/51 (6%) | 0/4 (0%) | 0/18 (0%) | 2/17 (12%) | 1/12 (8%) |
| Background slowing | 8/51 (16%) | 0/4 (0%) | 4/18 (22%) | 2/17 (12%) | 2/12 (17%) |
| FIRDAS | 1/51 (2%) | 0/4 (0%) | 1/18 (6%) | 0/17 (0%) | 0/12 (0%) |
| Therapeutic impact# | 8/51 (16%) | 0/4 (0%) | 1/18 (6%) | 3/17 (18%) | 4/12 (33%) |
| AE changes because of EEG | 8/51 (16%) | 0/4 (0%) | 1/18 (6%) | 3/17 (18%) | 4/12 (33%) |
| Upgrading AE | 7/51 (14%) | 0/4 (0%) | 1/18 (6%) | 2/17 (12%) | 4/12 (33%) |
| Decreasing AE | 1/51 (2%) | 0/4 (0%) | 0/18 (0%) | 1/17 (6%) | 0/12 (0%) |
AE, antiepileptics; FIRDAS, Frontal Intermittent Rythmic Delta Activity Legend.
Most important findings in table are in bold.
Defined as fibrosing and inflammatory process causing thickening of dura matter, seen on MRI.
Increased PCNSL lesion but later decreasing on MRI, suggesting a pseudoprogression.
Increased PCNSL lesion confirmed on later MRI during follow-up, suggestive of hemopathy progression.
Treatment introduction or modification regarding to MRI results.
Normal lumbar punction is defined as cells below 5 per mm3 and proteinorachy below 0.40 g/L.
Treatment introduction or modification regarding to LP results.
Therapeutic modification done after EEG asked without clinical signs of epilepsy. All EEG asked after abnormal movements or other signs of epilepsy were excluded.