Role of the microbiome-derived molecules in promoting immune cell homeostasis
| Microbial products . | Effects on hematopoietic system . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|
| Commensal-bacterial DNA motif CpG | Regulator of steady-state serum IgE levels and levels of circulating basophil populations | 42 |
| Promote the differentiation of GMPs and MDPs | 80 | |
| SCFAs | Lactate promotes SCF secretion by LepR+ BM MSCs, which activates hematopoiesis and erythropoiesis in a Gpr81-dependent manner | 24 |
| Restores colonic Treg numbers in GF mice | 81 | |
| Butyrate increases Ly6C− patrolling monocytes and interstitial macrophages in the lung tissue and promotes the differentiation of BM cells into macrophages in vitro | 82 | |
| Propionate administration increases DC precursors and modulates DC function | 83 | |
| Microbiota-derived butyrate promotes emergency erythrophagocytosis by BM macrophages to distribute iron that controls HSC self-renewal and differentiation | 84 | |
| Maternally derived SCFAs have been suggested to play a role in Foxp3+ regulatory T-cell generation in the neonatal thymus | 85 | |
| Lipopolysaccharide | Drives myeloid differentiation in a MyD88-dependent manner in vitro | 28 |
| Increases the proliferation and self-renewal capacity of HSC | 86 | |
| Regulates neutrophil activation and aging under steady-state conditions | 56 | |
| Peptidoglycan (NODL1) | Rescue antibiotic–induced granulocytic defects | 87 |
| Primes neutrophils for optimal oxidative and nonoxidative bacterial killing mechanisms | 54 | |
| Restores the number of HSCs, MPPs, CMPs, and granulocytes in the BM of GF and antibiotic-treated mice | 22 | |
| Regulates steady-state cellular lifespan and turnover of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes | 50 | |
| poly(I:C) | Prolongs PMN survival and enhanced respiratory burst ability | 53 |
| MAMPs (heat killed E coli) | Sufficient to rescue GMP-mediated expansion of neutrophils and monocytes in GF mice | 88 |
| Microbial products . | Effects on hematopoietic system . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|
| Commensal-bacterial DNA motif CpG | Regulator of steady-state serum IgE levels and levels of circulating basophil populations | 42 |
| Promote the differentiation of GMPs and MDPs | 80 | |
| SCFAs | Lactate promotes SCF secretion by LepR+ BM MSCs, which activates hematopoiesis and erythropoiesis in a Gpr81-dependent manner | 24 |
| Restores colonic Treg numbers in GF mice | 81 | |
| Butyrate increases Ly6C− patrolling monocytes and interstitial macrophages in the lung tissue and promotes the differentiation of BM cells into macrophages in vitro | 82 | |
| Propionate administration increases DC precursors and modulates DC function | 83 | |
| Microbiota-derived butyrate promotes emergency erythrophagocytosis by BM macrophages to distribute iron that controls HSC self-renewal and differentiation | 84 | |
| Maternally derived SCFAs have been suggested to play a role in Foxp3+ regulatory T-cell generation in the neonatal thymus | 85 | |
| Lipopolysaccharide | Drives myeloid differentiation in a MyD88-dependent manner in vitro | 28 |
| Increases the proliferation and self-renewal capacity of HSC | 86 | |
| Regulates neutrophil activation and aging under steady-state conditions | 56 | |
| Peptidoglycan (NODL1) | Rescue antibiotic–induced granulocytic defects | 87 |
| Primes neutrophils for optimal oxidative and nonoxidative bacterial killing mechanisms | 54 | |
| Restores the number of HSCs, MPPs, CMPs, and granulocytes in the BM of GF and antibiotic-treated mice | 22 | |
| Regulates steady-state cellular lifespan and turnover of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes | 50 | |
| poly(I:C) | Prolongs PMN survival and enhanced respiratory burst ability | 53 |
| MAMPs (heat killed E coli) | Sufficient to rescue GMP-mediated expansion of neutrophils and monocytes in GF mice | 88 |
CMPs, common myeloid progenitors; IgE, immunoglobulin E; MDP, monocyte and dendritic cell progenitor; MPPs, multipotent progenitors; PMN, polymorphonuclear leukocyte.