Table 1.

Summary of architectures, prediction methods, data sets and validation results used for cell detection/segmentation, object detection, cell phenotyping, and community analysis

DomainNetwork architecturePrediction methodData setValidation detailsMetrics
Cell detection Supervised MaskRCNN with ResNet-18 backbone 512 × 512 pixel crops, 0.5 mpp 16 500 cells from different patients, manually segmented by histopathologists Train/test split were stratified according to patient, that is, crops in train and test phases contain no crops from the same patient. Train/test proportions were set as 75% to 25% correspondingly F1-score, 0.74 
Cell segmentation IoU, 0.76 
Object detection (fat, trabeculae, and endothelium) Supervised
DeepLabV3+ with EfficientNet-b0 encoder 
1024 × 1024 pixel crops, 0.5 mpp 120 crops (40 for each object) from different patients manually annotated by histopathologists Fat IoU, 0.91
Trabeculae IoU, 0.94
Endothelium IoU, 0.90 
Cell typing Supervised
ResNet-18 
128 × 128 pixel window centered around cell of interest 12 500 cells from different patients manually classified by histopathologists F1-score, 0.923
Accuracy, 0.977 
Community analysis Unsupervised
ARGVA59  
Slide graph of cell-to-cell interactions is taken to compute embeddings for each cell 29 slide cell neighborhood graphs were used for self-supervised training, 1 510 295 nodes overall Not applicable Not applicable 
DomainNetwork architecturePrediction methodData setValidation detailsMetrics
Cell detection Supervised MaskRCNN with ResNet-18 backbone 512 × 512 pixel crops, 0.5 mpp 16 500 cells from different patients, manually segmented by histopathologists Train/test split were stratified according to patient, that is, crops in train and test phases contain no crops from the same patient. Train/test proportions were set as 75% to 25% correspondingly F1-score, 0.74 
Cell segmentation IoU, 0.76 
Object detection (fat, trabeculae, and endothelium) Supervised
DeepLabV3+ with EfficientNet-b0 encoder 
1024 × 1024 pixel crops, 0.5 mpp 120 crops (40 for each object) from different patients manually annotated by histopathologists Fat IoU, 0.91
Trabeculae IoU, 0.94
Endothelium IoU, 0.90 
Cell typing Supervised
ResNet-18 
128 × 128 pixel window centered around cell of interest 12 500 cells from different patients manually classified by histopathologists F1-score, 0.923
Accuracy, 0.977 
Community analysis Unsupervised
ARGVA59  
Slide graph of cell-to-cell interactions is taken to compute embeddings for each cell 29 slide cell neighborhood graphs were used for self-supervised training, 1 510 295 nodes overall Not applicable Not applicable 

F1, F-score; IoU, identity over union; ARGVA, adversarially regularized variational graph autoencoder.

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