Baseline participants’ characteristics
| . | Patients (N = 293) . | Providers (N = 89) . |
|---|---|---|
| Age category (y) | ||
| 15-19 | 44 (15.02) | - |
| 20-24 | 76 (25.94) | - |
| 25-29 | 57 (19.45) | 1 (1.2) |
| 30-34 | 51 (17.41) | 25 (29.1) |
| 35-39 | 33 (11.26) | 19 (22.1) |
| 40-45 | 32 (10.92) | 9 (10.5) |
| 46-50 | - | 9 (10.5) |
| 51-55 | - | 6 (7.0) |
| 56-60 | - | 8 (9.3) |
| >60 | - | 9 (10.5) |
| Missing | - | 3 |
| Gender, n (%) | 152 (51.9) | 65 (76.5) |
| Female | ||
| Male | 141 (48.1) | 20 (23.5) |
| Missing | 4 | |
| Race (n) | ||
| Black | 283 | 23 |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 2 | - |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 3 | - |
| White | 1 | 45 |
| Asian | 15 | |
| Mixed race | 1 | 3 |
| Missing | 2 | 3 |
| Ethnicity (n, %) | ||
| Non-Hispanic | 280 (96.2) | 84 (96.6) |
| Hispanic | 11 (3.8) | 3 (3.5) |
| Missing | 2 | 2 |
| SCD genotype (n, %) | ||
| HbSS/HbSβ0-thalassemia | 248 (84.9) | - |
| HbSC/HbSβ+-thalassemia/other | 44 (15.1) | - |
| Missing | 1 | |
| Education (n, %)∗ | ||
| Less than high school | 8 (2.8) | - |
| Some high school | 35 (12.2) | - |
| High school graduate or GED test equivalent | 92 (32.2) | - |
| Some college or vocational training | 85 (29.7) | - |
| College graduate | 44 (15.4) | - |
| Some graduate school or professional school | 5 (1.8) | - |
| Graduate or professional degree | 17 (5.9) | - |
| Missing | 7 | - |
| Annual income (n, %) | ||
| ≤$25 000 | 166 (62.2) | - |
| $25 001- $50 000 | 60 (22.5) | - |
| $50 001- $75 000 | 19 (7.1) | - |
| $75 001-$100 000 | 11 (4.1) | - |
| >$100 000 | 11 (4.1) | - |
| Missing | 26 | - |
| InCharge Health app usage (n, %)∗ | ||
| >50% | 49 (16.8) | - |
| ≤21.5%, <50.1% | 52 (17.8) | - |
| ≥7.2%, <21.5% | 59 (20.2) | - |
| ≥0.6%, <7.2% | 64 (21.90) | - |
| <0.6% | 68 (23.3) | |
| Missing | 1 | |
| Provider type, n (%) | ||
| Physician hematologist | - | 36 (40.4) |
| Physician generalist† | - | 13 (14.6) |
| Nurse practitioner or physician assistant working in a hematology clinic | 28 (31.5) | |
| Nurse practitioner or physician assistant working in a primary care clinic | - | 8 (9) |
| Chose not to report | - | 4 (4.5) |
| HU Toolbox app usage (n, %) | ||
| ≥6 times during the study | - | 10 (11.2%) |
| <6 times during the study | - | 79 (88.8%) |
| . | Patients (N = 293) . | Providers (N = 89) . |
|---|---|---|
| Age category (y) | ||
| 15-19 | 44 (15.02) | - |
| 20-24 | 76 (25.94) | - |
| 25-29 | 57 (19.45) | 1 (1.2) |
| 30-34 | 51 (17.41) | 25 (29.1) |
| 35-39 | 33 (11.26) | 19 (22.1) |
| 40-45 | 32 (10.92) | 9 (10.5) |
| 46-50 | - | 9 (10.5) |
| 51-55 | - | 6 (7.0) |
| 56-60 | - | 8 (9.3) |
| >60 | - | 9 (10.5) |
| Missing | - | 3 |
| Gender, n (%) | 152 (51.9) | 65 (76.5) |
| Female | ||
| Male | 141 (48.1) | 20 (23.5) |
| Missing | 4 | |
| Race (n) | ||
| Black | 283 | 23 |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 2 | - |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 3 | - |
| White | 1 | 45 |
| Asian | 15 | |
| Mixed race | 1 | 3 |
| Missing | 2 | 3 |
| Ethnicity (n, %) | ||
| Non-Hispanic | 280 (96.2) | 84 (96.6) |
| Hispanic | 11 (3.8) | 3 (3.5) |
| Missing | 2 | 2 |
| SCD genotype (n, %) | ||
| HbSS/HbSβ0-thalassemia | 248 (84.9) | - |
| HbSC/HbSβ+-thalassemia/other | 44 (15.1) | - |
| Missing | 1 | |
| Education (n, %)∗ | ||
| Less than high school | 8 (2.8) | - |
| Some high school | 35 (12.2) | - |
| High school graduate or GED test equivalent | 92 (32.2) | - |
| Some college or vocational training | 85 (29.7) | - |
| College graduate | 44 (15.4) | - |
| Some graduate school or professional school | 5 (1.8) | - |
| Graduate or professional degree | 17 (5.9) | - |
| Missing | 7 | - |
| Annual income (n, %) | ||
| ≤$25 000 | 166 (62.2) | - |
| $25 001- $50 000 | 60 (22.5) | - |
| $50 001- $75 000 | 19 (7.1) | - |
| $75 001-$100 000 | 11 (4.1) | - |
| >$100 000 | 11 (4.1) | - |
| Missing | 26 | - |
| InCharge Health app usage (n, %)∗ | ||
| >50% | 49 (16.8) | - |
| ≤21.5%, <50.1% | 52 (17.8) | - |
| ≥7.2%, <21.5% | 59 (20.2) | - |
| ≥0.6%, <7.2% | 64 (21.90) | - |
| <0.6% | 68 (23.3) | |
| Missing | 1 | |
| Provider type, n (%) | ||
| Physician hematologist | - | 36 (40.4) |
| Physician generalist† | - | 13 (14.6) |
| Nurse practitioner or physician assistant working in a hematology clinic | 28 (31.5) | |
| Nurse practitioner or physician assistant working in a primary care clinic | - | 8 (9) |
| Chose not to report | - | 4 (4.5) |
| HU Toolbox app usage (n, %) | ||
| ≥6 times during the study | - | 10 (11.2%) |
| <6 times during the study | - | 79 (88.8%) |
GED, General Educational Development.
App usage was calculated as the percentage of days of app use over the 168 days of the study.
Specialties for physician generalists included family medicine, pediatrics, and internal medicine, with >80% with substantial experience in caring for individuals with SCD.