Table 1. Procedural bleeding risk... | American Society of Hematology

Table 1.

Procedural bleeding risk classification of commonly performed procedures in patients with advanced chronic liver disease from the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Scientific Subcommittee

	Low bleeding risk	High bleeding risk^*
Endoscopic	Diagnostic procedures Endoscopic variceal ligation Transesophageal echocardiogram	Bronchoscopy with biopsy Colonoscopy with polypectomy Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with sphincterotomy
Percutaneous	Paracentesis Thoracocentesis	Percutaneous liver biopsy Tunneled ascitic/pleural drain placement Cranial/spinal surgery^#
Vascular	Peripheral/central venous catheterization Transjugular liver biopsy	Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization
Other	Dental procedures including extractions Skin biopsy	Intraocular procedures^#

	Low bleeding risk	High bleeding risk^*
Endoscopic	Diagnostic procedures Endoscopic variceal ligation Transesophageal echocardiogram	Bronchoscopy with biopsy Colonoscopy with polypectomy Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with sphincterotomy
Percutaneous	Paracentesis Thoracocentesis	Percutaneous liver biopsy Tunneled ascitic/pleural drain placement Cranial/spinal surgery^#
Vascular	Peripheral/central venous catheterization Transjugular liver biopsy	Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization
Other	Dental procedures including extractions Skin biopsy	Intraocular procedures^#

Classification based on major bleeding >1.5% or on minor bleeding associated with high risk of significant organ damage/death.

Very high-risk procedures.

Reproduced with permission from Elsevier Inc.⁶

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