Features of patients with MM based on R2-ISS
| Variables . | Total (N = 860) . | I (n = 144) . | II (n = 231) . | III (n = 338) . | IV (n = 147) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | .003 | |||||
| Female | 335 (39) | 54 (38) | 86 (37) | 118 (35) | 77 (52) | |
| Male | 525 (61) | 90 (62) | 145 (63) | 220 (65) | 70 (48) | |
| Race, n (%) | .658 | |||||
| Asian | 3 (0) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 1 (1) | |
| Africa American | 101 (12) | 17 (12) | 23 (10) | 43 (13) | 18 (12) | |
| Native American | 2 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | |
| Pacific Islander | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | |
| White | 753 (88) | 126 (88) | 208 (90) | 292 (86) | 127 (86) | |
| Isotype, n (%) | .102 | |||||
| Biclonal disease | 2 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Free light chain | 152 (18) | 25 (17) | 34 (15) | 60 (18) | 33 (22) | |
| IgA | 177 (21) | 23 (16) | 55 (24) | 67 (20) | 32 (22) | |
| IgD | 9 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (0) | 3 (1) | 4 (3) | |
| IgG | 506 (59) | 90 (62) | 134 (58) | 205 (61) | 77 (52) | |
| IgM | 3 (0) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Nonsecretory | 11 (1) | 3 (2) | 5 (2) | 2 (1) | 1 (1) | |
| Light, n (%) | .002 | |||||
| κ | 550 (64) | 106 (74) | 152 (66) | 214 (63) | 78 (53) | |
| κ + λ | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| λ | 300 (35) | 34 (24) | 75 (32) | 122 (36) | 69 (47) | |
| None | 9 (1) | 4 (3) | 3 (1) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | |
| Urine light, n (%) | <.001 | |||||
| κ | 435 (51) | 75 (52) | 116 (50) | 175 (52) | 69 (47) | |
| κ + λ | 4 (0) | 2 (1) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | |
| λ | 246 (29) | 24 (17) | 53 (23) | 109 (32) | 60 (41) | |
| None | 175 (20) | 43 (30) | 61 (26) | 54 (16) | 17 (12) | |
| PCAsp (%), median (Q1, Q3) | 38 (20, 57.62) | 30 (12.38, 41.25) | 33 (17.5, 52) | 45 (28, 63.75) | 39 (22, 60) | < .001 |
| PCBmBx (%), median (Q1, Q3) | 40 (20, 70) | 29 (10, 40) | 40 (15, 60) | 50 (30, 80) | 50 (30, 80) | < .001 |
| Albumin (g/dL), median (Q1, Q3) | 3.8 (3.4, 4.2) | 4.1 (3.8, 4.4) | 3.9 (3.6, 4.3) | 3.6 (3.2, 4.1) | 3.5 (3.2, 3.95) | < .001 |
| B2M (5.5mg/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 3.7 (2.5, 6.1) | 2.42 (1.9, 2.8) | 3 (2.1, 3.95) | 5.9 (3.7, 8.5) | 5.2 (3.6, 7.8) | < .001 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (Unit/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 152 (127, 185) | 142 (122.5, 164) | 142 (122.5, 166.5) | 152.5 (126.25, 183.5) | 209 (156, 256.5) | < .001 |
| Creatinine (mg/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 1 (0.8, 1.27) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.5) | 1 (0.8, 1.4) | < .001 |
| GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2), median (Q1, Q3) | 69.31 (53.9, 84.73) | 82.97 (67.33, 99.57) | 74.46 (63.61, 87.62) | 63.26 (41.26, 76.12) | 58.95 (44.16, 79.98) | < .001 |
| CRP (mg/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 4.5 (2.21, 6.6) | 4.5 (1.1, 4.5) | 4.5 (4.5, 5.85) | 4.5 (2.67, 7.85) | 4.5 (3.95, 10.1) | .005 |
| Hb (g/dL), mean ± SD | 11.22 ± 2.04 | 12.61 ± 1.65 | 11.84 ± 1.76 | 10.62 ± 2.05 | 10.25 ± 1.74 | < .001 |
| Platelets (10^9/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 219 (171, 269) | 237.5 (198, 277.75) | 231 (188, 280) | 209.5 (163, 257) | 184 (128.5, 251) | < .001 |
| Monocytes (%), median (Q1, Q3) | 8.2 (6.3, 10.62) | 7.9 (6.4, 10.22) | 8.1 (6.45, 10.65) | 8.3 (6.3, 10.6) | 8.6 (6.2, 11.2) | .776 |
| Lymphocytes (%), median (Q1, Q3) | 29.4 (21, 38.1) | 28.7 (22.08, 38.7) | 29.4 (21.5, 37.65) | 30.35 (21.12, 38.9) | 28.7 (20, 34.95) | .468 |
| SM (g/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 2.5 (0.5, 4.2) | 1.7 (0.27, 3.12) | 2.4 (0.7, 3.7) | 3.2 (0.8, 5) | 2.6 (0.36, 4.3) | < .001 |
| UM (g/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 18.5 (0, 730.5) | 0 (0, 226.25) | 0 (0, 395.5) | 246.5 (0, 1434.5) | 206 (0, 1198.5) | < .001 |
| Ca (mmol/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 9.2 (8.8, 9.7) | 9.4 (9, 9.7) | 9.3 (8.9, 9.7) | 9.1 (8.7, 9.8) | 9.1 (8.6, 9.9) | .069 |
| BMI, median (Q1, Q3) | 27.56 (24.7, 31.19) | 27.91 (24.97, 31.41) | 27.54 (24.85, 31.16) | 27.7 (24.83, 31.3) | 26.92 (24.43, 30.68) | .781 |
| MM diagnosis transplant (mth), median (Q1, Q3) | 4.17 (3.23, 5.54) | 4.42 (3.5, 6.02) | 4.07 (3.27, 5.67) | 4.2 (3.27, 5.66) | 3.8 (2.83, 4.98) | .018 |
| OS time by the first chemotherapy cycle (mth), median (Q1,Q3) | 90.9 (49.02, 133.08) | 115.3 (81.71, 153.45) | 100.93 (64.5, 138.48) | 82.85 (42.61, 129.33) | 63.37 (29.93, 106.75) | < .001 |
| OS, n (%) | < .001 | |||||
| 0 | 407 (47) | 92 (64) | 135 (58) | 138 (41) | 42 (29) | |
| 1 | 453 (53) | 52 (36) | 96 (42) | 200 (59) | 105 (71) | |
| PFS time by the first chemotherapy cycle (mth), median (Q1, Q3) | 65.35 (29.55, 111.67) | 87.92 (56.36, 131.4) | 71.57 (37.43, 126.88) | 58.62 (24.22, 95.74) | 42.9 (16.23, 82.6) | < .001 |
| PFS, n (%) | < .001 | |||||
| 0 | 302 (35) | 69 (48) | 100 (43) | 104 (31) | 29 (20) | |
| 1 | 558 (65) | 75 (52) | 131 (57) | 234 (69) | 118 (80) | |
| Age at ASCT date (yr), median (Q1, Q3) | 60.42 (52.96, 66.32) | 57.53 (48.77, 64.8) | 61.1 (54.53, 66.55) | 61.06 (54.58, 66.9) | 59.78 (51.49, 66.19) | .002 |
| ISS, n (%) | < .001 | |||||
| I | 292 (34) | 144 (100) | 111 (48) | 31 (9) | 6 (4) | |
| II | 317 (37) | 0 (0) | 120 (52) | 124 (37) | 73 (50) | |
| III | 251 (29) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 183 (54) | 68 (46) | |
| t(4;14), n (%) | < .001 | |||||
| 0 | 753 (88) | 144 (100) | 222 (96) | 302 (89) | 85 (58) | |
| 1 | 107 (12) | 0 (0) | 9 (4) | 36 (11) | 62 (42) | |
| t(14;16), n (%) | .062 | |||||
| 0 | 821 (95) | 142 (99) | 223 (97) | 320 (95) | 136 (93) | |
| 1 | 39 (5) | 2 (1) | 8 (3) | 18 (5) | 11 (7) | |
| t(14;20), n (%) | .759 | |||||
| 0 | 837 (97) | 142 (99) | 225 (97) | 328 (97) | 142 (97) | |
| 1 | 23 (3) | 2 (1) | 6 (3) | 10 (3) | 5 (3) | |
| del1p, n (%) | .085 | |||||
| del1p | 176 (20) | 22 (15) | 45 (19) | 69 (20) | 40 (27) | |
| no del | 684 (80) | 122 (85) | 186 (81) | 269 (80) | 107 (73) | |
| R-ISS, n (%) | < .001 | |||||
| I | 204 (24) | 142 (99) | 62 (27) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| II | 525 (61) | 2 (1) | 169 (73) | 275 (81) | 79 (54) | |
| III | 131 (15) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 63 (19) | 68 (46) | |
| +1q21, n (%) | < .001 | |||||
| Gain 1q21 | 322 (37) | 0 (0) | 65 (28) | 128 (38) | 129 (88) | |
| No gain | 538 (63) | 144 (100) | 166 (72) | 210 (62) | 18 (12) | |
| Del 17p, n (%) | <.001 | |||||
| Del 17p | 83 (10) | 0 (0) | 10 (4) | 38 (11) | 35 (24) | |
| No del | 777 (90) | 144 (100) | 221 (96) | 300 (89) | 112 (76) |
| Variables . | Total (N = 860) . | I (n = 144) . | II (n = 231) . | III (n = 338) . | IV (n = 147) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | .003 | |||||
| Female | 335 (39) | 54 (38) | 86 (37) | 118 (35) | 77 (52) | |
| Male | 525 (61) | 90 (62) | 145 (63) | 220 (65) | 70 (48) | |
| Race, n (%) | .658 | |||||
| Asian | 3 (0) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 1 (1) | |
| Africa American | 101 (12) | 17 (12) | 23 (10) | 43 (13) | 18 (12) | |
| Native American | 2 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | |
| Pacific Islander | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | |
| White | 753 (88) | 126 (88) | 208 (90) | 292 (86) | 127 (86) | |
| Isotype, n (%) | .102 | |||||
| Biclonal disease | 2 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Free light chain | 152 (18) | 25 (17) | 34 (15) | 60 (18) | 33 (22) | |
| IgA | 177 (21) | 23 (16) | 55 (24) | 67 (20) | 32 (22) | |
| IgD | 9 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (0) | 3 (1) | 4 (3) | |
| IgG | 506 (59) | 90 (62) | 134 (58) | 205 (61) | 77 (52) | |
| IgM | 3 (0) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Nonsecretory | 11 (1) | 3 (2) | 5 (2) | 2 (1) | 1 (1) | |
| Light, n (%) | .002 | |||||
| κ | 550 (64) | 106 (74) | 152 (66) | 214 (63) | 78 (53) | |
| κ + λ | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| λ | 300 (35) | 34 (24) | 75 (32) | 122 (36) | 69 (47) | |
| None | 9 (1) | 4 (3) | 3 (1) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | |
| Urine light, n (%) | <.001 | |||||
| κ | 435 (51) | 75 (52) | 116 (50) | 175 (52) | 69 (47) | |
| κ + λ | 4 (0) | 2 (1) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | |
| λ | 246 (29) | 24 (17) | 53 (23) | 109 (32) | 60 (41) | |
| None | 175 (20) | 43 (30) | 61 (26) | 54 (16) | 17 (12) | |
| PCAsp (%), median (Q1, Q3) | 38 (20, 57.62) | 30 (12.38, 41.25) | 33 (17.5, 52) | 45 (28, 63.75) | 39 (22, 60) | < .001 |
| PCBmBx (%), median (Q1, Q3) | 40 (20, 70) | 29 (10, 40) | 40 (15, 60) | 50 (30, 80) | 50 (30, 80) | < .001 |
| Albumin (g/dL), median (Q1, Q3) | 3.8 (3.4, 4.2) | 4.1 (3.8, 4.4) | 3.9 (3.6, 4.3) | 3.6 (3.2, 4.1) | 3.5 (3.2, 3.95) | < .001 |
| B2M (5.5mg/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 3.7 (2.5, 6.1) | 2.42 (1.9, 2.8) | 3 (2.1, 3.95) | 5.9 (3.7, 8.5) | 5.2 (3.6, 7.8) | < .001 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (Unit/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 152 (127, 185) | 142 (122.5, 164) | 142 (122.5, 166.5) | 152.5 (126.25, 183.5) | 209 (156, 256.5) | < .001 |
| Creatinine (mg/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 1 (0.8, 1.27) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.5) | 1 (0.8, 1.4) | < .001 |
| GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2), median (Q1, Q3) | 69.31 (53.9, 84.73) | 82.97 (67.33, 99.57) | 74.46 (63.61, 87.62) | 63.26 (41.26, 76.12) | 58.95 (44.16, 79.98) | < .001 |
| CRP (mg/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 4.5 (2.21, 6.6) | 4.5 (1.1, 4.5) | 4.5 (4.5, 5.85) | 4.5 (2.67, 7.85) | 4.5 (3.95, 10.1) | .005 |
| Hb (g/dL), mean ± SD | 11.22 ± 2.04 | 12.61 ± 1.65 | 11.84 ± 1.76 | 10.62 ± 2.05 | 10.25 ± 1.74 | < .001 |
| Platelets (10^9/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 219 (171, 269) | 237.5 (198, 277.75) | 231 (188, 280) | 209.5 (163, 257) | 184 (128.5, 251) | < .001 |
| Monocytes (%), median (Q1, Q3) | 8.2 (6.3, 10.62) | 7.9 (6.4, 10.22) | 8.1 (6.45, 10.65) | 8.3 (6.3, 10.6) | 8.6 (6.2, 11.2) | .776 |
| Lymphocytes (%), median (Q1, Q3) | 29.4 (21, 38.1) | 28.7 (22.08, 38.7) | 29.4 (21.5, 37.65) | 30.35 (21.12, 38.9) | 28.7 (20, 34.95) | .468 |
| SM (g/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 2.5 (0.5, 4.2) | 1.7 (0.27, 3.12) | 2.4 (0.7, 3.7) | 3.2 (0.8, 5) | 2.6 (0.36, 4.3) | < .001 |
| UM (g/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 18.5 (0, 730.5) | 0 (0, 226.25) | 0 (0, 395.5) | 246.5 (0, 1434.5) | 206 (0, 1198.5) | < .001 |
| Ca (mmol/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 9.2 (8.8, 9.7) | 9.4 (9, 9.7) | 9.3 (8.9, 9.7) | 9.1 (8.7, 9.8) | 9.1 (8.6, 9.9) | .069 |
| BMI, median (Q1, Q3) | 27.56 (24.7, 31.19) | 27.91 (24.97, 31.41) | 27.54 (24.85, 31.16) | 27.7 (24.83, 31.3) | 26.92 (24.43, 30.68) | .781 |
| MM diagnosis transplant (mth), median (Q1, Q3) | 4.17 (3.23, 5.54) | 4.42 (3.5, 6.02) | 4.07 (3.27, 5.67) | 4.2 (3.27, 5.66) | 3.8 (2.83, 4.98) | .018 |
| OS time by the first chemotherapy cycle (mth), median (Q1,Q3) | 90.9 (49.02, 133.08) | 115.3 (81.71, 153.45) | 100.93 (64.5, 138.48) | 82.85 (42.61, 129.33) | 63.37 (29.93, 106.75) | < .001 |
| OS, n (%) | < .001 | |||||
| 0 | 407 (47) | 92 (64) | 135 (58) | 138 (41) | 42 (29) | |
| 1 | 453 (53) | 52 (36) | 96 (42) | 200 (59) | 105 (71) | |
| PFS time by the first chemotherapy cycle (mth), median (Q1, Q3) | 65.35 (29.55, 111.67) | 87.92 (56.36, 131.4) | 71.57 (37.43, 126.88) | 58.62 (24.22, 95.74) | 42.9 (16.23, 82.6) | < .001 |
| PFS, n (%) | < .001 | |||||
| 0 | 302 (35) | 69 (48) | 100 (43) | 104 (31) | 29 (20) | |
| 1 | 558 (65) | 75 (52) | 131 (57) | 234 (69) | 118 (80) | |
| Age at ASCT date (yr), median (Q1, Q3) | 60.42 (52.96, 66.32) | 57.53 (48.77, 64.8) | 61.1 (54.53, 66.55) | 61.06 (54.58, 66.9) | 59.78 (51.49, 66.19) | .002 |
| ISS, n (%) | < .001 | |||||
| I | 292 (34) | 144 (100) | 111 (48) | 31 (9) | 6 (4) | |
| II | 317 (37) | 0 (0) | 120 (52) | 124 (37) | 73 (50) | |
| III | 251 (29) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 183 (54) | 68 (46) | |
| t(4;14), n (%) | < .001 | |||||
| 0 | 753 (88) | 144 (100) | 222 (96) | 302 (89) | 85 (58) | |
| 1 | 107 (12) | 0 (0) | 9 (4) | 36 (11) | 62 (42) | |
| t(14;16), n (%) | .062 | |||||
| 0 | 821 (95) | 142 (99) | 223 (97) | 320 (95) | 136 (93) | |
| 1 | 39 (5) | 2 (1) | 8 (3) | 18 (5) | 11 (7) | |
| t(14;20), n (%) | .759 | |||||
| 0 | 837 (97) | 142 (99) | 225 (97) | 328 (97) | 142 (97) | |
| 1 | 23 (3) | 2 (1) | 6 (3) | 10 (3) | 5 (3) | |
| del1p, n (%) | .085 | |||||
| del1p | 176 (20) | 22 (15) | 45 (19) | 69 (20) | 40 (27) | |
| no del | 684 (80) | 122 (85) | 186 (81) | 269 (80) | 107 (73) | |
| R-ISS, n (%) | < .001 | |||||
| I | 204 (24) | 142 (99) | 62 (27) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| II | 525 (61) | 2 (1) | 169 (73) | 275 (81) | 79 (54) | |
| III | 131 (15) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 63 (19) | 68 (46) | |
| +1q21, n (%) | < .001 | |||||
| Gain 1q21 | 322 (37) | 0 (0) | 65 (28) | 128 (38) | 129 (88) | |
| No gain | 538 (63) | 144 (100) | 166 (72) | 210 (62) | 18 (12) | |
| Del 17p, n (%) | <.001 | |||||
| Del 17p | 83 (10) | 0 (0) | 10 (4) | 38 (11) | 35 (24) | |
| No del | 777 (90) | 144 (100) | 221 (96) | 300 (89) | 112 (76) |
Ca, calcium; CRP, C-reactive protein; Hb, hemoglobin; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; PCAsp, plasma cell percentage by bone marrow aspiration; PCBmBx, plasma cell percentage by bone marrow biopsy; Q, quartile; SD, standard deviation; SM, serum monoclonal protein; t(4;14), t(4;14) chromosome translocation; t(14;16), t(14;16) chromosome translocation; t(14;20), t(14;20) chromosome translocation; UM, urine monoclonal protein.