Characteristics of studies included in the systematic review and meta-analysis
| Study (year) . | Country . | Design . | Population . | Treatment . | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N . | Age, y . | Male sex (%) . | FU . | Primary . | Secondary . | Thymoma . | LGLL . | AID . | Drug . | Line . | |||
| Wu et al16 (2022) | China | R, M | 100 | 57 | 47 | NA | 60 | 40 | 6 | 28 | 2 | CsA, CS | First |
| Kawakami et al15 (2022) | Japan | R, M | 90 | 65 | NA | NA | 26 | NA | 15 | 36 | NA | CsA, CS | Combined |
| Huang et al9 (2022) | China | P, m | 64 | 63 | 56 | 12 | 40 | 20 | 5 | 6 | 5 | CsA, sirolimus | Second-or-later |
| Salama et al17 (2022) | United States | R, m | 13 | 72 | 85 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | CsA, CYC, MTX | First |
| Yen et al18 (2021) | Taiwan | R, m | 7 | NA | 43 | 56 | 0 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 0 | Thymectomy, CsA | First |
| Lobbes et al4 (2021) | France | R, M | 24 | 39 | 17 | 76 | 0 | 24 | 1 | 3 | 24 | AZA, CS, CsA, CYC, MMF, RTX, sirolimus | Combined |
| Moriyama et al8 (2018) | Japan | R, m | 8 | 59 | 63 | 54.5 | 0 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | Thymectomy, CsA | First |
| Long et al19 (2018) | China | P, m | 21 | 59 | 48 | 17 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Sirolimus | Second-or-later |
| Fu et al20 (2018) | China | R, m | 53 | 60 | 45 | 31 | 30 | 23 | 7 | 1 | 3 | CS, CsA | First |
| Balasubramanian et al7 (2018) | United States | R, m | 62 | 62 | 55 | 40 | 32 | 23 | 9 | 14 | 0 | ATZ, CsA, CYC, MTX, RTX | Combined |
| Chalayer et al21 (2017)∗ | France | R, M | 8 | 36 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 8 | CS | First |
| Peng et al22 (2016)∗ | China | R, m | 10 | 54 | 90 | 30 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 0 | CYC + CsA | Second-or-later |
| Rivoisy et al23 (2016) | France | R, M | 11 | 57 | 36 | 23 | 0 | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | ATZ, CS, CsA, CYC, RTX | Combined |
| Kawano et al24 (2013) | Japan | R, m | 5 | 46 | 20 | 80 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | CS, CsA | Combined |
| Sloand et al25 (2010) | United States | P, m | 27 | 45 | 48 | 58 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Daclizumab | NA |
| Passweg et al26 (2008) | Europe | P, M | 5 | NA | NA | 42 | NA | NA | HSCT | Second-or-later | |||
| Fujishima et al27 (2008) | Japan | R, M | 14 | 60 | 57 | 90 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 14 | 0 | CS, CsA, CYC, MTX | Combined |
| Malhotra et al28 (2008) | India | R, m | 7 | 40 | 57 | NA | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | CS | First |
| Hirokawa et al29 (2008) | Japan | R, M | 41 | 66 | 43 | 18 | 0 | 41 | 41 | 0 | 0 | CS, CsA, CYC | First |
| Sawada et al30 (2007) | Japan | R, M | 62 | 55 | 37 | 54 | 62 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | CS, CsA, CYC | First |
| Thompson et al31 (2006) | United States | R, m | 13 | 65 | 54 | 26 | 0 | 13 | 13 | 0 | 0 | Thymectomy | First |
| Marsch et al32 (2001)∗ | United Kingdom | P, m | 5 | 48 | 40 | 10 | NA | NA | ATZ | Second-or-later | |||
| Charles et al33 (1996) | United States | R, m | 24 | 59 | 58 | 30 | 12 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 4 | AZA, CS, CsA, CYC, MTX | Second-or-later |
| Lacy et al34 (1996) | United States | R, m | 47 | NA | 60 | 54 | 25 | 4 | 9 | AZA, CS, CsA, MTX | Combined | ||
| Kwong et al35 (1996) | China | R, m | 15 | 58 | 50 | 28 | 9 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | CS, CsA, thymectomy | First and second-or-later |
| Means3 (1991) | United States | P, m | 9 | 34 | 57 | NA | NA | NA | CsA | Second-or-later | |||
| Masaoka et al36 (1989)∗ | Japan | R, m | 17 | 61 | 47 | NA | 0 | 17 | 17 | 0 | 0 | Thymectomy | First-line |
| Clark et al37 (1984) | United States | R, M | 31 | 47 | 48 | 103 | 27 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | CS | NA |
| Study (year) . | Country . | Design . | Population . | Treatment . | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N . | Age, y . | Male sex (%) . | FU . | Primary . | Secondary . | Thymoma . | LGLL . | AID . | Drug . | Line . | |||
| Wu et al16 (2022) | China | R, M | 100 | 57 | 47 | NA | 60 | 40 | 6 | 28 | 2 | CsA, CS | First |
| Kawakami et al15 (2022) | Japan | R, M | 90 | 65 | NA | NA | 26 | NA | 15 | 36 | NA | CsA, CS | Combined |
| Huang et al9 (2022) | China | P, m | 64 | 63 | 56 | 12 | 40 | 20 | 5 | 6 | 5 | CsA, sirolimus | Second-or-later |
| Salama et al17 (2022) | United States | R, m | 13 | 72 | 85 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | CsA, CYC, MTX | First |
| Yen et al18 (2021) | Taiwan | R, m | 7 | NA | 43 | 56 | 0 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 0 | Thymectomy, CsA | First |
| Lobbes et al4 (2021) | France | R, M | 24 | 39 | 17 | 76 | 0 | 24 | 1 | 3 | 24 | AZA, CS, CsA, CYC, MMF, RTX, sirolimus | Combined |
| Moriyama et al8 (2018) | Japan | R, m | 8 | 59 | 63 | 54.5 | 0 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | Thymectomy, CsA | First |
| Long et al19 (2018) | China | P, m | 21 | 59 | 48 | 17 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Sirolimus | Second-or-later |
| Fu et al20 (2018) | China | R, m | 53 | 60 | 45 | 31 | 30 | 23 | 7 | 1 | 3 | CS, CsA | First |
| Balasubramanian et al7 (2018) | United States | R, m | 62 | 62 | 55 | 40 | 32 | 23 | 9 | 14 | 0 | ATZ, CsA, CYC, MTX, RTX | Combined |
| Chalayer et al21 (2017)∗ | France | R, M | 8 | 36 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 8 | CS | First |
| Peng et al22 (2016)∗ | China | R, m | 10 | 54 | 90 | 30 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 0 | CYC + CsA | Second-or-later |
| Rivoisy et al23 (2016) | France | R, M | 11 | 57 | 36 | 23 | 0 | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | ATZ, CS, CsA, CYC, RTX | Combined |
| Kawano et al24 (2013) | Japan | R, m | 5 | 46 | 20 | 80 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | CS, CsA | Combined |
| Sloand et al25 (2010) | United States | P, m | 27 | 45 | 48 | 58 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Daclizumab | NA |
| Passweg et al26 (2008) | Europe | P, M | 5 | NA | NA | 42 | NA | NA | HSCT | Second-or-later | |||
| Fujishima et al27 (2008) | Japan | R, M | 14 | 60 | 57 | 90 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 14 | 0 | CS, CsA, CYC, MTX | Combined |
| Malhotra et al28 (2008) | India | R, m | 7 | 40 | 57 | NA | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | CS | First |
| Hirokawa et al29 (2008) | Japan | R, M | 41 | 66 | 43 | 18 | 0 | 41 | 41 | 0 | 0 | CS, CsA, CYC | First |
| Sawada et al30 (2007) | Japan | R, M | 62 | 55 | 37 | 54 | 62 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | CS, CsA, CYC | First |
| Thompson et al31 (2006) | United States | R, m | 13 | 65 | 54 | 26 | 0 | 13 | 13 | 0 | 0 | Thymectomy | First |
| Marsch et al32 (2001)∗ | United Kingdom | P, m | 5 | 48 | 40 | 10 | NA | NA | ATZ | Second-or-later | |||
| Charles et al33 (1996) | United States | R, m | 24 | 59 | 58 | 30 | 12 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 4 | AZA, CS, CsA, CYC, MTX | Second-or-later |
| Lacy et al34 (1996) | United States | R, m | 47 | NA | 60 | 54 | 25 | 4 | 9 | AZA, CS, CsA, MTX | Combined | ||
| Kwong et al35 (1996) | China | R, m | 15 | 58 | 50 | 28 | 9 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | CS, CsA, thymectomy | First and second-or-later |
| Means3 (1991) | United States | P, m | 9 | 34 | 57 | NA | NA | NA | CsA | Second-or-later | |||
| Masaoka et al36 (1989)∗ | Japan | R, m | 17 | 61 | 47 | NA | 0 | 17 | 17 | 0 | 0 | Thymectomy | First-line |
| Clark et al37 (1984) | United States | R, M | 31 | 47 | 48 | 103 | 27 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | CS | NA |
ATZ, alemtuzumab; AZA, azathioprine; CS, corticosteroid; CsA, cyclosporin A; CYC, cyclophosphamide; FU, follow-up; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; M, multicentric study; m, monocentric study; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; MTX, methotrexate; N, number of patients; NA, not available; P, prospective design; R, retrospective design; RTX, rituximab.
Studies excluded from the meta-analysis because of imprecise or inaccurate response criteria definitions.