Summary of epidemiological studies regarding the association between MM and obesity and between the progression from MGUS to MM and obesity
| Study and/or authors . | n . | Study design . | Results . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Larsson et al33 | 11 cohort studies with 13 120 patients with MM and 4 case-control studies with 1166 patients with MM and 8247 controls | Meta-analysis | Risk of MM was higher among those who were overweight (cohort studies: RR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07-1.18; case-control studies: OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.23-1.68) and obese (cohort studies: RR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.15-1.41; case-control studies: OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.47-2.26) |
| Wallin et al34 | 15 cohort studies with 10 827 patients with MM and 6 566 684 controls | Meta-analysis | Risk of MM was elevated among those who were overweight (RR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07-1.18) and obese (RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.08-1.35) |
| Chang et al21 | 7878 patients with MGUS, with 329 subjects whose condition progressed to MM | Cohort study | Those who were overweight (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.16-2.06) and obese (HR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.47-2.68) exhibited a higher risk of progression, in a dose response manner, than those who were not, via multivariable analysis |
| Kleinstern et al35 | 594 patients with MGUS, with 57 subjects whose condition progressed to MM, AL amyloidosis, lymphoma, or Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia | Cohort study | BMI ≥25 was associated with an increased risk of disease progression (HR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.05-4.36) |
| AEGES, Thordardottir et al22 | 300 patients with MGUS, with 29 subjects whose condition progressed to MM or other lymphoproliferative disorders | Cohort study | Obese subjects had a higher risk of progression to MM or other lymphoproliferative diseases (HR, 2.66, 95%; CI, 1.17-6.05) but not when progression to MM was evaluated alone, suggesting an underpowered analysis |
| Thompson et al36 | 200 patients with MGUS, with 100 subjects whose condition progressed to MM or related malignancies | Case control study | No impact of obesity on MGUS progression |
| Veld et al37 | 40 patients with MGUS and 32 patients with MM | Case control study | FDG/PET quantifying abdominal adiposity showed that patients with MM had higher total amounts of AT and higher metabolic activity within their AT compared to patients with MGUS (P < .02). Visceral adipose metabolic activity had a high sensitivity (90.6%) and specificity (92.5%) for progression |
| Study and/or authors . | n . | Study design . | Results . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Larsson et al33 | 11 cohort studies with 13 120 patients with MM and 4 case-control studies with 1166 patients with MM and 8247 controls | Meta-analysis | Risk of MM was higher among those who were overweight (cohort studies: RR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07-1.18; case-control studies: OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.23-1.68) and obese (cohort studies: RR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.15-1.41; case-control studies: OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.47-2.26) |
| Wallin et al34 | 15 cohort studies with 10 827 patients with MM and 6 566 684 controls | Meta-analysis | Risk of MM was elevated among those who were overweight (RR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07-1.18) and obese (RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.08-1.35) |
| Chang et al21 | 7878 patients with MGUS, with 329 subjects whose condition progressed to MM | Cohort study | Those who were overweight (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.16-2.06) and obese (HR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.47-2.68) exhibited a higher risk of progression, in a dose response manner, than those who were not, via multivariable analysis |
| Kleinstern et al35 | 594 patients with MGUS, with 57 subjects whose condition progressed to MM, AL amyloidosis, lymphoma, or Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia | Cohort study | BMI ≥25 was associated with an increased risk of disease progression (HR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.05-4.36) |
| AEGES, Thordardottir et al22 | 300 patients with MGUS, with 29 subjects whose condition progressed to MM or other lymphoproliferative disorders | Cohort study | Obese subjects had a higher risk of progression to MM or other lymphoproliferative diseases (HR, 2.66, 95%; CI, 1.17-6.05) but not when progression to MM was evaluated alone, suggesting an underpowered analysis |
| Thompson et al36 | 200 patients with MGUS, with 100 subjects whose condition progressed to MM or related malignancies | Case control study | No impact of obesity on MGUS progression |
| Veld et al37 | 40 patients with MGUS and 32 patients with MM | Case control study | FDG/PET quantifying abdominal adiposity showed that patients with MM had higher total amounts of AT and higher metabolic activity within their AT compared to patients with MGUS (P < .02). Visceral adipose metabolic activity had a high sensitivity (90.6%) and specificity (92.5%) for progression |
FDG/PET, fluorodeoxyglucose/positron emission tomography; RR, relative risk.