Physiologic effects of different TSPAN knockouts in mouse models
| Protein . | KO phenotype . | Physiologic consequence . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|
| CD9 | Enhanced lung inflammation | Reduced response to statins | 76 |
| Decreased lymphangiogenesis | Abnormal development of lymphatic vasculature | 77 | |
| CD37 | Deficiencies in T-cell–dependent B-cell responses | Reduced antibody responses to antigens | 78 |
| Dysregulation of TCR signaling | Hyperproliferative T cells | 79 | |
| Increased antigen presentation by dendritic cells | Hyperstimulation of T cells | 80 | |
| Impaired neutrophil recruitment | Decreased inflammatory response | 81 | |
| CD63 | Significant reduction in leukocyte rolling, recruitment, and extravasation | Decreased inflammatory response | 82 |
| CD81 | Lower expression of CD19 on B cells, leading to lower Ca2+ mobilization after CD19 stimulation | Abnormal B-cell antibody responses | 83 |
| Reduced production of IgG1 in Th2 immune responses | Reduced B1 lymphocyte response | 84 | |
| Decreased lymphangiogenesis | Abnormal development of lymphatic vasculature | 77 | |
| CD151 | Defects in hemostasis and in αIIbβ3 integrin signaling | Disrupted platelet function | 85 |
| Hyperproliferation of T cells in response to stimulation with mitogenic agents | Cellular hypersensitivity to activation | 86 |
| Protein . | KO phenotype . | Physiologic consequence . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|
| CD9 | Enhanced lung inflammation | Reduced response to statins | 76 |
| Decreased lymphangiogenesis | Abnormal development of lymphatic vasculature | 77 | |
| CD37 | Deficiencies in T-cell–dependent B-cell responses | Reduced antibody responses to antigens | 78 |
| Dysregulation of TCR signaling | Hyperproliferative T cells | 79 | |
| Increased antigen presentation by dendritic cells | Hyperstimulation of T cells | 80 | |
| Impaired neutrophil recruitment | Decreased inflammatory response | 81 | |
| CD63 | Significant reduction in leukocyte rolling, recruitment, and extravasation | Decreased inflammatory response | 82 |
| CD81 | Lower expression of CD19 on B cells, leading to lower Ca2+ mobilization after CD19 stimulation | Abnormal B-cell antibody responses | 83 |
| Reduced production of IgG1 in Th2 immune responses | Reduced B1 lymphocyte response | 84 | |
| Decreased lymphangiogenesis | Abnormal development of lymphatic vasculature | 77 | |
| CD151 | Defects in hemostasis and in αIIbβ3 integrin signaling | Disrupted platelet function | 85 |
| Hyperproliferation of T cells in response to stimulation with mitogenic agents | Cellular hypersensitivity to activation | 86 |
Rargeting TSPANs can be difficult because of their widespread expression on many cell types; despite these complications, many of the effects of TSPAN-knockout models can be mild, lending support to the development of anti-TSPAN therapies.
IgG, immunoglobulin G; TCR, T-cell receptor; Th2, T helper 2 cell.