Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of conventional ICD-10 code searches compared with our robust searching algorithm
| Outcome . | Sensitivity (%) . | Specificity (%) . | Positive predictive value (%) . | Negative predictive value (%) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Only primary discharge diagnoses | ||||
| Major bleeding | 30.4 | 99.7 | 79.5 | 97.1 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 17.5 | 99.9 | 90.2 | 96.2 |
| Intracranial hemorrhage | 48.3 | 100 | 100 | 99.7 |
| Other bleeding | 34.6 | 99.7 | 39.1 | 99.6 |
| Any stroke or systemic embolism | 52.3 | 99.5 | 50.0 | 99.5 |
| Ischemic stroke | 52.9 | 99.5 | 43.9 | 99.7 |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | 40.0 | 100 | 100 | 99.9 |
| Arterial thromboembolism | 100 | ∼100 | 50.0 | 100 |
| Myocardial infarction | 54.1 | 99.9 | 91.7 | 99.4 |
| Venous thromboembolism | 10.0 | 99.9 | 14.3 | 99.8 |
| All hospital discharge codes and codes from emergency department visits | ||||
| Major bleeding | 64.9 | 96.4 | 43.4 | 98.5 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 51.8 | 99.1 | 62.3 | 98.6 |
| Intracranial hemorrhage | 89.7 | 99.9 | 86.7 | 99.9 |
| Other bleeding | 88.5 | 96.9 | 15.2 | 99.9 |
| Any stroke or systemic embolism | 81.8 | 98.8 | 39.1 | 99.8 |
| Ischemic stroke | 82.4 | 98.8 | 34.1 | 99.9 |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | 70.0 | 99.9 | 63.6 | 99.9 |
| Arterial thromboembolism | 100 | ∼100 | 50.0 | 100 |
| Myocardial infarction | 78.7 | 99.6 | 71.6 | 99.7 |
| Venous thromboembolism | 70.0 | 99.6 | 29.2 | 99.9 |
| Outcome . | Sensitivity (%) . | Specificity (%) . | Positive predictive value (%) . | Negative predictive value (%) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Only primary discharge diagnoses | ||||
| Major bleeding | 30.4 | 99.7 | 79.5 | 97.1 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 17.5 | 99.9 | 90.2 | 96.2 |
| Intracranial hemorrhage | 48.3 | 100 | 100 | 99.7 |
| Other bleeding | 34.6 | 99.7 | 39.1 | 99.6 |
| Any stroke or systemic embolism | 52.3 | 99.5 | 50.0 | 99.5 |
| Ischemic stroke | 52.9 | 99.5 | 43.9 | 99.7 |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | 40.0 | 100 | 100 | 99.9 |
| Arterial thromboembolism | 100 | ∼100 | 50.0 | 100 |
| Myocardial infarction | 54.1 | 99.9 | 91.7 | 99.4 |
| Venous thromboembolism | 10.0 | 99.9 | 14.3 | 99.8 |
| All hospital discharge codes and codes from emergency department visits | ||||
| Major bleeding | 64.9 | 96.4 | 43.4 | 98.5 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 51.8 | 99.1 | 62.3 | 98.6 |
| Intracranial hemorrhage | 89.7 | 99.9 | 86.7 | 99.9 |
| Other bleeding | 88.5 | 96.9 | 15.2 | 99.9 |
| Any stroke or systemic embolism | 81.8 | 98.8 | 39.1 | 99.8 |
| Ischemic stroke | 82.4 | 98.8 | 34.1 | 99.9 |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | 70.0 | 99.9 | 63.6 | 99.9 |
| Arterial thromboembolism | 100 | ∼100 | 50.0 | 100 |
| Myocardial infarction | 78.7 | 99.6 | 71.6 | 99.7 |
| Venous thromboembolism | 70.0 | 99.6 | 29.2 | 99.9 |