Baseline characteristics of the study population∗
| . | Apixaban (n = 1787) . | Dabigatran (n = 420) . | Rivaroxaban (n = 2463) . | SMD† . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before . | After . | ||||
| Age | 73.8 (12.0) | 71.3 (12.0) | 70.7 (11.4) | 0.175 | 0.074 |
| Sex (% male) | 976 (54.6) | 245 (58.3) | 1526 (62.0) | 0.099 | 0.089 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | 2.8 (1.6) | 2.6 (1.5) | 2.4 (1.5) | 0.202 | 0.082 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 0.9 (1.4) | 0.7 (1.1) | 0.6 (1.1) | 0.156 | 0.082 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 142 (7.9) | 34 (8.1) | 187 (7.6) | 0.012 | 0.013 |
| Congestive heart failure | 158 (8.8) | 34 (8.1) | 156 (6.3) | 0.063 | 0.025 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 81 (4.5) | 16 (3.8) | 91 (3.7) | 0.028 | 0.024 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 207 (11.6) | 25 (6.0) | 125 (5.1) | 0.159 | 0.038 |
| Hemiplegia | 15 (0.8) | 2 (0.5) | 8 (0.3) | 0.046 | 0.020 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 84 (4.7) | 22 (5.2) | 84 (3.4) | 0.060 | 0.033 |
| Diabetes mellitus with end-organ damage | 50 (2.8) | 12 (2.9) | 57 (2.3) | 0.023 | 0.043 |
| Chronic lung disease | 105 (5.9) | 20 (4.8) | 90 (3.7) | 0.070 | 0.030 |
| Moderate/severe renal disease | 61 (3.4) | 9 (2.1) | 59 (2.4) | 0.052 | 0.066 |
| Liver disease | 17 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 13 (0.5) | 0.097 | 0.084 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 42 (2.4) | 9 (2.1) | 27 (1.1) | 0.064 | 0.013 |
| Connective tissue disease | 35 (2.0) | 8 (1.9) | 45 (1.8) | 0.006 | 0.028 |
| Dementia | 45 (2.5) | 6 (1.4) | 25 (1.0) | 0.077 | 0.060 |
| Any tumor | 207 (11.6) | 38 (9.0) | 191 (7.8) | 0.087 | 0.055 |
| Metastatic solid tumor | 8 (0.4) | 1 (0.2) | 12 (0.5) | 0.028 | 0.032 |
| Hypertension | 1245 (69.7) | 298 (71.0) | 1613 (65.5) | 0.078 | 0.023 |
| Bleeding disease | 13 (0.7) | 1 (0.2) | 10 (0.4) | 0.048 | 0.044 |
| Prior GIB | 80 (4.5) | 19 (4.5) | 68 (2.8) | 0.063 | 0.039 |
| Prior VTE | 27 (1.5) | 4 (1.0) | 59 (2.4) | 0.076 | 0.028 |
| Dosing (low dose) | 394 (22.0) | 190 (45.2) | 515 (20.9) | 0.356 | 0.040 |
| Concomitant drug use | |||||
| Antihistamines | 9 (0.5) | 5 (1.2) | 16 (0.6) | 0.050 | 0.019 |
| Antiplatelets | 488 (27.3) | 114 (27.1) | 532 (21.6) | 0.089 | 0.021 |
| Corticosteroids | 356 (19.9) | 82 (19.5) | 455 (18.5) | 0.025 | 0.031 |
| NSAIDs | 384 (21.5) | 87 (20.7) | 586 (23.8) | 0.049 | 0.045 |
| PPIs | 735 (41.1) | 158 (37.6) | 882 (35.8) | 0.073 | 0.024 |
| SSRIs | 313 (17.5) | 46 (11.0) | 322 (13.1) | 0.126 | 0.131 |
| Statins | 829 (46.4) | 198 (47.1) | 1088 (44.2) | 0.040 | 0.021 |
| Area of residence | 0.319 | 0.129 | |||
| Capital area | 1269 (71.0) | 258 (61.4) | 1529 (62.1) | ||
| Eastern | 58 (3.2) | 15 (3.6) | 58 (2.4) | ||
| Northern | 120 (6.7) | 46 (11.0) | 361 (14.7) | ||
| Southern | 220 (12.3) | 90 (21.4) | 335 (13.6) | ||
| Western | 87 (4.9) | 10 (2.4) | 135 (5.5) | ||
| Westfjords | 33 (1.8) | 1 (0.2) | 45 (1.8) | ||
| . | Apixaban (n = 1787) . | Dabigatran (n = 420) . | Rivaroxaban (n = 2463) . | SMD† . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before . | After . | ||||
| Age | 73.8 (12.0) | 71.3 (12.0) | 70.7 (11.4) | 0.175 | 0.074 |
| Sex (% male) | 976 (54.6) | 245 (58.3) | 1526 (62.0) | 0.099 | 0.089 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | 2.8 (1.6) | 2.6 (1.5) | 2.4 (1.5) | 0.202 | 0.082 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 0.9 (1.4) | 0.7 (1.1) | 0.6 (1.1) | 0.156 | 0.082 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 142 (7.9) | 34 (8.1) | 187 (7.6) | 0.012 | 0.013 |
| Congestive heart failure | 158 (8.8) | 34 (8.1) | 156 (6.3) | 0.063 | 0.025 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 81 (4.5) | 16 (3.8) | 91 (3.7) | 0.028 | 0.024 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 207 (11.6) | 25 (6.0) | 125 (5.1) | 0.159 | 0.038 |
| Hemiplegia | 15 (0.8) | 2 (0.5) | 8 (0.3) | 0.046 | 0.020 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 84 (4.7) | 22 (5.2) | 84 (3.4) | 0.060 | 0.033 |
| Diabetes mellitus with end-organ damage | 50 (2.8) | 12 (2.9) | 57 (2.3) | 0.023 | 0.043 |
| Chronic lung disease | 105 (5.9) | 20 (4.8) | 90 (3.7) | 0.070 | 0.030 |
| Moderate/severe renal disease | 61 (3.4) | 9 (2.1) | 59 (2.4) | 0.052 | 0.066 |
| Liver disease | 17 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 13 (0.5) | 0.097 | 0.084 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 42 (2.4) | 9 (2.1) | 27 (1.1) | 0.064 | 0.013 |
| Connective tissue disease | 35 (2.0) | 8 (1.9) | 45 (1.8) | 0.006 | 0.028 |
| Dementia | 45 (2.5) | 6 (1.4) | 25 (1.0) | 0.077 | 0.060 |
| Any tumor | 207 (11.6) | 38 (9.0) | 191 (7.8) | 0.087 | 0.055 |
| Metastatic solid tumor | 8 (0.4) | 1 (0.2) | 12 (0.5) | 0.028 | 0.032 |
| Hypertension | 1245 (69.7) | 298 (71.0) | 1613 (65.5) | 0.078 | 0.023 |
| Bleeding disease | 13 (0.7) | 1 (0.2) | 10 (0.4) | 0.048 | 0.044 |
| Prior GIB | 80 (4.5) | 19 (4.5) | 68 (2.8) | 0.063 | 0.039 |
| Prior VTE | 27 (1.5) | 4 (1.0) | 59 (2.4) | 0.076 | 0.028 |
| Dosing (low dose) | 394 (22.0) | 190 (45.2) | 515 (20.9) | 0.356 | 0.040 |
| Concomitant drug use | |||||
| Antihistamines | 9 (0.5) | 5 (1.2) | 16 (0.6) | 0.050 | 0.019 |
| Antiplatelets | 488 (27.3) | 114 (27.1) | 532 (21.6) | 0.089 | 0.021 |
| Corticosteroids | 356 (19.9) | 82 (19.5) | 455 (18.5) | 0.025 | 0.031 |
| NSAIDs | 384 (21.5) | 87 (20.7) | 586 (23.8) | 0.049 | 0.045 |
| PPIs | 735 (41.1) | 158 (37.6) | 882 (35.8) | 0.073 | 0.024 |
| SSRIs | 313 (17.5) | 46 (11.0) | 322 (13.1) | 0.126 | 0.131 |
| Statins | 829 (46.4) | 198 (47.1) | 1088 (44.2) | 0.040 | 0.021 |
| Area of residence | 0.319 | 0.129 | |||
| Capital area | 1269 (71.0) | 258 (61.4) | 1529 (62.1) | ||
| Eastern | 58 (3.2) | 15 (3.6) | 58 (2.4) | ||
| Northern | 120 (6.7) | 46 (11.0) | 361 (14.7) | ||
| Southern | 220 (12.3) | 90 (21.4) | 335 (13.6) | ||
| Western | 87 (4.9) | 10 (2.4) | 135 (5.5) | ||
| Westfjords | 33 (1.8) | 1 (0.2) | 45 (1.8) | ||
GIB, gastrointestinal bleeding; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; SMD, standardized mean difference; SSRI, selective serotonin receptor inhibitor; VTE, venous thromboembolism.
Data are represented as either mean (standard deviation) or n (%).
SMD <0.1 was considered ideal balance, whereas SMD <0.2 was considered acceptable balance.