Clinical and demographic characteristics of study cohort
| Variable . | Evaluable patients for VTE risk prediction model (n = 783) . |
|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis (median, range), y | 63 (22-91) |
| Male, % | 55.2 |
| Black/African American, % | 20.1 |
| ISS stage, no. (% of evaluable patients) | |
| I | 234 (34) |
| II | 232 (33.7) |
| III | 223 (32.4) |
| Percent BMPCs, median (range) | 50 (1-100) |
| Abnormal metaphase cytogenetics, % | 18.1 |
| High-risk FISH cytogenetics, %∗ | 23.0 |
| LDH >UNL, % | 26.7 |
| History of VTE, % | 1.5† |
| BMI, % | |
| Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 1.6 |
| Normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m2) | 23.8 |
| Overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2) | 36.9 |
| Obese I (30-34.9 kg/m2) | 25.3 |
| Obese II (35-39.9 kg/m2) | 7.6 |
| Obese III (≥40 kg/m2) | 4.8 |
| Central venous catheter, % | 7.4 |
| Cardiac disease at baseline, %‡ | 13.5 |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus, % | 15.2 |
| Chronic kidney disease, % | 10.7 |
| Pelvic, femur, or hip fracture within 90 d, % | 4.4 |
| Surgery (excluding minimally invasive kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty), % | 9.2 |
| Immobilization within 90 d, %§ | 47.0 |
| Erythropoietin use, % | 2.9 |
| History of clotting disorder, % | 0.3 |
| History of autoimmune disease, % | 5.2 |
| Hyperviscosity syndrome at diagnosis, % | 1.2 |
| Dexamethasone dose per cycle | |
| None | 0.5 |
| >0 to <120 mg | 17.4 |
| 120 to 160 mg | 76.2 |
| >160 mg | 5.9 |
| Doxorubicin use, % | 0.4 |
| Multiagent cytotoxic chemotherapy, % | 0.1 |
| Current/former smoker, % | 42.3 |
| IVIG use, % | 1.2 |
| IMiD use in frontline regimen, % | 65.4 |
| Thromboprophylaxis regimen, % | |
| None | 36.7 |
| ASA | 59.5 |
| LMWH, prophylactic | 3.8 |
| LMWH, therapeutic | 0 |
| Warfarin | 0 |
| Induction regimen, % | |
| VRd | 40.7 |
| CyBorD | 10.7 |
| VD | 22.0 |
| RD | 19.5 |
| Other | 7.0 |
| Variable . | Evaluable patients for VTE risk prediction model (n = 783) . |
|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis (median, range), y | 63 (22-91) |
| Male, % | 55.2 |
| Black/African American, % | 20.1 |
| ISS stage, no. (% of evaluable patients) | |
| I | 234 (34) |
| II | 232 (33.7) |
| III | 223 (32.4) |
| Percent BMPCs, median (range) | 50 (1-100) |
| Abnormal metaphase cytogenetics, % | 18.1 |
| High-risk FISH cytogenetics, %∗ | 23.0 |
| LDH >UNL, % | 26.7 |
| History of VTE, % | 1.5† |
| BMI, % | |
| Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 1.6 |
| Normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m2) | 23.8 |
| Overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2) | 36.9 |
| Obese I (30-34.9 kg/m2) | 25.3 |
| Obese II (35-39.9 kg/m2) | 7.6 |
| Obese III (≥40 kg/m2) | 4.8 |
| Central venous catheter, % | 7.4 |
| Cardiac disease at baseline, %‡ | 13.5 |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus, % | 15.2 |
| Chronic kidney disease, % | 10.7 |
| Pelvic, femur, or hip fracture within 90 d, % | 4.4 |
| Surgery (excluding minimally invasive kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty), % | 9.2 |
| Immobilization within 90 d, %§ | 47.0 |
| Erythropoietin use, % | 2.9 |
| History of clotting disorder, % | 0.3 |
| History of autoimmune disease, % | 5.2 |
| Hyperviscosity syndrome at diagnosis, % | 1.2 |
| Dexamethasone dose per cycle | |
| None | 0.5 |
| >0 to <120 mg | 17.4 |
| 120 to 160 mg | 76.2 |
| >160 mg | 5.9 |
| Doxorubicin use, % | 0.4 |
| Multiagent cytotoxic chemotherapy, % | 0.1 |
| Current/former smoker, % | 42.3 |
| IVIG use, % | 1.2 |
| IMiD use in frontline regimen, % | 65.4 |
| Thromboprophylaxis regimen, % | |
| None | 36.7 |
| ASA | 59.5 |
| LMWH, prophylactic | 3.8 |
| LMWH, therapeutic | 0 |
| Warfarin | 0 |
| Induction regimen, % | |
| VRd | 40.7 |
| CyBorD | 10.7 |
| VD | 22.0 |
| RD | 19.5 |
| Other | 7.0 |
ASA, acetylsalicylic acid; BMPC, bone marrow plasma cells; CyBorD, bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone; IVIG, IV immunoglobulin; ISS, International Staging System; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; UNL, upper normal limit; VRd, bortezomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone; RD, lenalidomide-dexamethasone; VD, bortezomib-dexamethasone.
High-risk on FISH was defined as presence of t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), and/or del(17p).
Patients with VTE within 6 months before treatment initiation were excluded in this group.
Cardiac disease included congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, and clinically significant arrhythmias.
“Immobilization” was defined as any episode of hospitalization exceeding 24 hours or bed-bound status secondary to paralysis or hemiplegia in the window of 90 days before treatment initiation.