Humoral and cellular immune response after 2 doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines
| Study . | Vaccine (dose) . | Antibody measurement . | Methods . | Timing to Ab testing . | Responders/total (seroconversion rate) . | Cellular immune response measurement . | Timing to cellular immune response testing . | Responders/total (rate) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avivi 2021 | BNT162b2 (2 doses) | Antispike Ab | Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Roche) | 14-21 d | 121/159 (76.10%) | |||
| Bird 2021 | BNT162b2 (1 dose) AZD1222 (1 dose) | Antispike Ab | Ortho Clinical Diagnostics | Median (IQR) 33 (28-38) d | 26/45 (57.78%)26/48 (54.17%) | |||
| Bitoun 2021 | BNT162b2 (2 doses) | Antispike Ab | Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Roche) | 56 d | 20/27 (74.07%) | |||
| Enßle 2021 | BNT162b2 (2 doses) | Antispike Ab | ARCHITECT SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay (Abbott) | Median 21 d | 43/77 (55.84%) | IFN-γ ELISpot | 28 days | 13/38 (34.21%) |
| Gavriatopoulou 2021 | BNT162b2 (2 doses) | Neutralizing Ab | SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test (GenScript) | 4 wk | 24/35 (68.57%) | |||
| Greenberg 2021 | BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 (2 doses) | Antispike Ab | Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Roche) | 1 mo | 41/44 (93.18%) | |||
| Henriquez 2021 | BNT162b2 (1 dose) BNT162b2 (2 doses) | Antispike Ab | Not reported | 30 d 1-2 mo | 26/60 (43.33%)51/60 (85.00%) | IFN-γ ELISpot | 2 months | 11/26 (42.31%) |
| Marasco 2021 | BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 (1 dose) BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 (2 doses) | Antispike Ab | Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Roche) | 4 wk 2 wk | 46/52 (88.46%)49/52 (94.23%) | Measurement of in vitro T-helper cell type 1-associated cytokine release using ELISA | 2 weeks | 48/99 (48.48%) |
| Pimpinelli 2021 | BNT162b2 (1 dose) BNT162b2 (2 doses) | Antispike Ab | LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG chemiluminescent assay (DiaSorin) | 21 d after first dose 35 d after first dose | 9/42 (21.43%)33/42 (78.57%) | |||
| Ramasamy 2021 | AZD1222 (1 dose) BNT162b2 (1 dose) | Antispike Ab | ARCHITECT SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay (Abbott) | >3 wk >3 wk | 7/14 (50.00%)4/9 (44.44%) | |||
| Rehav 2021 | BNT162b2 (2 doses) | Antispike Ab | In house ELISA | Median (IQR) 18 (15-23) d | 149/187 (79.68%) | |||
| Stampfer 2021 | BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 (1 dose) BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 (2 doses) | Antispike Ab | In house ELISA | 14-21 d 14-21 d | 20/96 (20.83%)64/96 (66.67%) | |||
| Šušol 2022 | BNT162b2 (2 doses) | Antispike Ab | EUROIMMUN SARS-CoV-2 ELISA assay | Not reported | 104/119 (87.39%) | |||
| Terpos 2021 | BNT162b2 (1 dose) | Neutralizing Ab | SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test (GenScript) | 21 d | 12/48 (25.00%) | |||
| Terpos 2022 | BNT162b2 (2 doses) BNT162b2 (3 doses) | Neutralizing Ab | SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test (GenScript) | 1 mo 1 mo | 110/167 (65.87%)142/167 (85.03%) |
| Study . | Vaccine (dose) . | Antibody measurement . | Methods . | Timing to Ab testing . | Responders/total (seroconversion rate) . | Cellular immune response measurement . | Timing to cellular immune response testing . | Responders/total (rate) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avivi 2021 | BNT162b2 (2 doses) | Antispike Ab | Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Roche) | 14-21 d | 121/159 (76.10%) | |||
| Bird 2021 | BNT162b2 (1 dose) AZD1222 (1 dose) | Antispike Ab | Ortho Clinical Diagnostics | Median (IQR) 33 (28-38) d | 26/45 (57.78%)26/48 (54.17%) | |||
| Bitoun 2021 | BNT162b2 (2 doses) | Antispike Ab | Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Roche) | 56 d | 20/27 (74.07%) | |||
| Enßle 2021 | BNT162b2 (2 doses) | Antispike Ab | ARCHITECT SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay (Abbott) | Median 21 d | 43/77 (55.84%) | IFN-γ ELISpot | 28 days | 13/38 (34.21%) |
| Gavriatopoulou 2021 | BNT162b2 (2 doses) | Neutralizing Ab | SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test (GenScript) | 4 wk | 24/35 (68.57%) | |||
| Greenberg 2021 | BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 (2 doses) | Antispike Ab | Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Roche) | 1 mo | 41/44 (93.18%) | |||
| Henriquez 2021 | BNT162b2 (1 dose) BNT162b2 (2 doses) | Antispike Ab | Not reported | 30 d 1-2 mo | 26/60 (43.33%)51/60 (85.00%) | IFN-γ ELISpot | 2 months | 11/26 (42.31%) |
| Marasco 2021 | BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 (1 dose) BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 (2 doses) | Antispike Ab | Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Roche) | 4 wk 2 wk | 46/52 (88.46%)49/52 (94.23%) | Measurement of in vitro T-helper cell type 1-associated cytokine release using ELISA | 2 weeks | 48/99 (48.48%) |
| Pimpinelli 2021 | BNT162b2 (1 dose) BNT162b2 (2 doses) | Antispike Ab | LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG chemiluminescent assay (DiaSorin) | 21 d after first dose 35 d after first dose | 9/42 (21.43%)33/42 (78.57%) | |||
| Ramasamy 2021 | AZD1222 (1 dose) BNT162b2 (1 dose) | Antispike Ab | ARCHITECT SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay (Abbott) | >3 wk >3 wk | 7/14 (50.00%)4/9 (44.44%) | |||
| Rehav 2021 | BNT162b2 (2 doses) | Antispike Ab | In house ELISA | Median (IQR) 18 (15-23) d | 149/187 (79.68%) | |||
| Stampfer 2021 | BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 (1 dose) BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 (2 doses) | Antispike Ab | In house ELISA | 14-21 d 14-21 d | 20/96 (20.83%)64/96 (66.67%) | |||
| Šušol 2022 | BNT162b2 (2 doses) | Antispike Ab | EUROIMMUN SARS-CoV-2 ELISA assay | Not reported | 104/119 (87.39%) | |||
| Terpos 2021 | BNT162b2 (1 dose) | Neutralizing Ab | SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test (GenScript) | 21 d | 12/48 (25.00%) | |||
| Terpos 2022 | BNT162b2 (2 doses) BNT162b2 (3 doses) | Neutralizing Ab | SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test (GenScript) | 1 mo 1 mo | 110/167 (65.87%)142/167 (85.03%) |
Ab, antibody; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ELISpot, enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot; IFN, interferon; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation.