Characteristics (N, %) of patients with a first-time CVT and matched individuals from the GP according to sex and age group, Denmark, 1996-2018
| . | CVT cohort . | GP comparison cohort . | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All . | Women 18-54 y . | Women ≥55 y . | Men 18-54 y . | Men ≥55 y . | All . | Women 18-54 y . | Women ≥55 y . | Men 18-54 y . | Men ≥55 y . | |
| Overall, n | 653 | 343 | 95 | 128 | 87 | 65 300 | 34 285 | 9 515 | 12 682 | 8 818 |
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 41 (27-58) | 31 (24-41) | 67 (62-75) | 39 (28-47) | 66 (60-72) | 41 (27-58) | 31 (24-41) | 67 (62-75) | 39 (28-47) | 66 (59-72) |
| Calendar period of diagnosis, n (%) | ||||||||||
| 1996-2000 | 81 (12.4) | 44 (12.8) | 17 (17.9) | 12 (9.4) | 8 (9.2) | 8 100 (12.4) | 4 442 (13.0) | 1 658 (17.4) | 1 167 (9.2) | 833 (9.4) |
| 2001-2005 | 105 (16.1) | 62 (18.1) | 15 (15.8) | 19 (14.8) | 9 (10.3) | 10 500 (16.1) | 6 211 (18.1) | 1 489 (15.6) | 1 863 (14.7) | 937 (10.6) |
| 2016-2010 | 163 (25.0) | 78 (22.7) | 20 (21.1) | 46 (35.9) | 19 (21.8) | 16 300 (25.0) | 7 813 (22.8) | 1 987 (20.9) | 4 552 (35.9) | 1 948 (22.1) |
| 2011-2014 | 121 (18.5) | 68 (19.8) | 14 (14.7) | 19 (14.8) | 20 (23.0) | 12 100 (18.5) | 6 719 (19.6) | 1 481 (15.6) | 1 900 (15.0) | 2 000 (22.7) |
| 2015-2018 | 183 (28.0) | 91 (26.5) | 29 (30.5) | 32 (25.0) | 31 (35.6) | 18 300 (28.0) | 9 100 (26.5) | 2 900 (30.5) | 3 200 (25.2) | 3 100 (35.2) |
| Hospital-recorded comorbidity (any time before, unless stated otherwise), n (%) | ||||||||||
| Cancer | 57 (8.7) | 10 (2.9) | 26 (27.4) | 8 (6.2) | 13 (14.9) | 2 670 (4.1) | 483 (1.4) | 1 182 (12.4) | 164 (1.3) | 841 (9.5) |
| Infections (within 180 d before)∗ | 67 (10.3) | 37 (10.8) | 8 (8.4) | 11 (8.6) | 11 (12.6) | 1 282 (2.0) | 744 (2.2) | 209 (2.2) | 171 (1.3) | 158 (1.8) |
| Fracture/trauma (within 90 d before) | 37 (5.7) | 13 (3.8) | 8 (8.4) | 6 (4.7) | 10 (11.5) | 1 459 (2.2) | 753 (2.2) | 180 (1.9) | 377 (3.0) | 149 (1.7) |
| Surgery (within 90 d before)† | 103 (15.8) | 57 (16.6) | 15 (15.8) | 14 (10.9) | 17 (19.5) | 1 849 (2.8) | 1 062 (3.1) | 301 (3.2) | 191 (1.5) | 295 (3.3) |
| Pregnancy (within 90 d before) | 33 (5.1) | 33 (9.6) | — | — | — | 854 (1.3) | 854 (2.5) | — | — | — |
| Thrombophilia (any time before or within 1 y after) | 38 (5.8) | 23 (6.7) | <5 | 10 (7.8) | <5 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | <5 | <5 | <5 | <5 | <5 | <70 | 47 (0.1) | 14 (0.1) | <5 | 5 (0.1) |
| Behçet disease | 7 (1.1) | <5 | <5 | <5 | <5 | 339 (0.5) | 156 (0.5) | 63 (0.7) | 43 (0.3) | 77 (0.9) |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | <20 | 13 (3.8) | <5 | <5 | <5 | 891 (1.4) | 512 (1.5) | 97 (1.0) | 173 (1.4) | 109 (1.2) |
| Dehydration | 14 (2.1) | 6 (1.7) | <5 | <5 | <5 | 455 (0.7) | 184 (0.5) | 148 (1.6) | 42 (0.3) | 81 (0.9) |
| Thyroid disease | 32 (4.9) | 18 (5.2) | 12 (12.6) | <5 | <5 | 2 669 (4.1) | 1 195 (3.5) | 1 169 (12.3) | 92 (0.7) | 213 (2.4) |
| Ischemic heart disease (excluding myocardial infarction) | 21 (3.2) | <5 | 5 (5.3) | <5 | 9 (10.3) | 1 499 (2.3) | 115 (0.3) | 582 (6.1) | 112 (0.9) | 690 (7.8) |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 14 (2.1) | <5 | 7 (7.4) | <5 | 5 (5.7) | 923 (1.4) | 53 (0.2) | 332 (3.5) | 62 (0.5) | 476 (5.4) |
| Hypertension | 85 (13.0) | 19 (5.5) | 30 (31.6) | 10 (7.8) | 26 (29.9) | 5 378 (8.2) | 729 (2.1) | 2 213 (23.3) | 380 (3.0) | 2 056 (23.3) |
| Diabetes | 24 (3.7) | 6 (1.7) | <5 | 5 (3.9) | 9 (10.3) | 2 228 (3.4) | 525 (1.5) | 630 (6.6) | 226 (1.8) | 847 (9.6) |
| Obesity | 43 (6.6) | 36 (10.5) | <5 | <5 | <5 | 2 591 (4.0) | 1 874 (5.5) | 381 (4.0) | 145 (1.1) | 191 (2.2) |
| Heart failure | 11 (1.7) | <5 | <5 | <5 | 6 (6.9) | 451 (0.7) | 31 (0.1) | 179 (1.9) | 35 (0.3) | 206 (2.3) |
| Peripheral artery disease | <10 | 5 (1.5) | <5 | <5 | <5 | 698 (1.1) | 117 (0.3) | 232 (2.4) | 45 (0.4) | 304 (3.4) |
| Chronic liver disease | <5 | <5 | <5 | <5 | <5 | 206 (0.3) | 57 (0.2) | 54 (0.6) | 22 (0.2) | 73 (0.8) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 54 (8.3) | 27 (7.9) | 11 (11.6) | <5 | 12 (13.8) | 3 298 (5.1) | 1 271 (3.7) | 929 (9.8) | 382 (3.0) | 716 (8.1) |
| Filled prescriptions (prior 180 d), n (%) | ||||||||||
| Hormonal contraceptives | 209 (32.0) | 209 (60.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 11 747 (18.0) | 11 698 (34.1) | 32 (0.3) | 9 (0.1) | 8 (0.1) |
| Combined contraceptives (estrogen and progestogen) | 204 (31.2) | 204 (59.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 10 903 (16.7) | 10 887 (31.8) | 16 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Progestogen-only contraceptives | 7 (1.1) | 7 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 885 (1.4) | 852 (2.5) | 16 (0.2) | 9 (0.1) | 8 (0.1) |
| First-generation hormonal contraceptives | <5 | <5 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 146 (0.2) | 146 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Second-generation hormonal contraceptives | 62 (9.5) | 62 (18.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | <3 545 | 3 536 (10.3) | <5 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Third-generation hormonal contraceptives | 112 (17.2) | 112 (32.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 791 (8.9) | 5 786 (16.9) | 5 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Fourth-generation hormonal contraceptives | 22 (3.4) | 22 (6.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 815 (1.2) | 815 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Selective estrogen receptor modulators | <5 | <5 | <5 | <5 | <5 | 13 (0.1) | <5 | 10 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Other hormone treatment, excluding hormonal contraceptive and selective estrogen receptor modulators | 31 (4.7) | 11 (3.2) | 20 (21.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 410 (3.7) | 864 (2.5) | 1 540 (16.2) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (0.1) |
| Anticoagulants | <20 | 6 (1.7) | 5 (5.3) | <5 | 5 (5.7) | 613 (0.9) | 30 (0.1) | 211 (2.2) | 21 (0.2) | 351 (4.0) |
| Aspirin | <30 | <5 | 12 (12.6) | 5 (3.9) | 10 (11.5) | 2 487 (3.8) | 129 (0.4) | 1 097 (11.5) | 108 (0.9) | 1 153 (13.1) |
| Adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitors | 7 (1.1) | <5 | <5 | <5 | <5 | 324 (0.5) | 17 (0.0) | 123 (1.3) | 24 (0.2) | 160 (1.8) |
| Statins | <40 | <5 | 19 (20.0) | 6 (4.7) | 11 (12.6) | 3 704 (5.7) | 314 (0.9) | 1 474 (15.5) | 266 (2.1) | 1 650 (18.7) |
| Antihypertensives | 104 (15.9) | 30 (8.7) | 34 (35.8) | 9 (7.0) | 31 (35.6) | 9 098 (13.9) | 1 494 (4.4) | 3 655 (38.4) | 665 (5.2) | 3 284 (37.2) |
| . | CVT cohort . | GP comparison cohort . | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All . | Women 18-54 y . | Women ≥55 y . | Men 18-54 y . | Men ≥55 y . | All . | Women 18-54 y . | Women ≥55 y . | Men 18-54 y . | Men ≥55 y . | |
| Overall, n | 653 | 343 | 95 | 128 | 87 | 65 300 | 34 285 | 9 515 | 12 682 | 8 818 |
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 41 (27-58) | 31 (24-41) | 67 (62-75) | 39 (28-47) | 66 (60-72) | 41 (27-58) | 31 (24-41) | 67 (62-75) | 39 (28-47) | 66 (59-72) |
| Calendar period of diagnosis, n (%) | ||||||||||
| 1996-2000 | 81 (12.4) | 44 (12.8) | 17 (17.9) | 12 (9.4) | 8 (9.2) | 8 100 (12.4) | 4 442 (13.0) | 1 658 (17.4) | 1 167 (9.2) | 833 (9.4) |
| 2001-2005 | 105 (16.1) | 62 (18.1) | 15 (15.8) | 19 (14.8) | 9 (10.3) | 10 500 (16.1) | 6 211 (18.1) | 1 489 (15.6) | 1 863 (14.7) | 937 (10.6) |
| 2016-2010 | 163 (25.0) | 78 (22.7) | 20 (21.1) | 46 (35.9) | 19 (21.8) | 16 300 (25.0) | 7 813 (22.8) | 1 987 (20.9) | 4 552 (35.9) | 1 948 (22.1) |
| 2011-2014 | 121 (18.5) | 68 (19.8) | 14 (14.7) | 19 (14.8) | 20 (23.0) | 12 100 (18.5) | 6 719 (19.6) | 1 481 (15.6) | 1 900 (15.0) | 2 000 (22.7) |
| 2015-2018 | 183 (28.0) | 91 (26.5) | 29 (30.5) | 32 (25.0) | 31 (35.6) | 18 300 (28.0) | 9 100 (26.5) | 2 900 (30.5) | 3 200 (25.2) | 3 100 (35.2) |
| Hospital-recorded comorbidity (any time before, unless stated otherwise), n (%) | ||||||||||
| Cancer | 57 (8.7) | 10 (2.9) | 26 (27.4) | 8 (6.2) | 13 (14.9) | 2 670 (4.1) | 483 (1.4) | 1 182 (12.4) | 164 (1.3) | 841 (9.5) |
| Infections (within 180 d before)∗ | 67 (10.3) | 37 (10.8) | 8 (8.4) | 11 (8.6) | 11 (12.6) | 1 282 (2.0) | 744 (2.2) | 209 (2.2) | 171 (1.3) | 158 (1.8) |
| Fracture/trauma (within 90 d before) | 37 (5.7) | 13 (3.8) | 8 (8.4) | 6 (4.7) | 10 (11.5) | 1 459 (2.2) | 753 (2.2) | 180 (1.9) | 377 (3.0) | 149 (1.7) |
| Surgery (within 90 d before)† | 103 (15.8) | 57 (16.6) | 15 (15.8) | 14 (10.9) | 17 (19.5) | 1 849 (2.8) | 1 062 (3.1) | 301 (3.2) | 191 (1.5) | 295 (3.3) |
| Pregnancy (within 90 d before) | 33 (5.1) | 33 (9.6) | — | — | — | 854 (1.3) | 854 (2.5) | — | — | — |
| Thrombophilia (any time before or within 1 y after) | 38 (5.8) | 23 (6.7) | <5 | 10 (7.8) | <5 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | <5 | <5 | <5 | <5 | <5 | <70 | 47 (0.1) | 14 (0.1) | <5 | 5 (0.1) |
| Behçet disease | 7 (1.1) | <5 | <5 | <5 | <5 | 339 (0.5) | 156 (0.5) | 63 (0.7) | 43 (0.3) | 77 (0.9) |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | <20 | 13 (3.8) | <5 | <5 | <5 | 891 (1.4) | 512 (1.5) | 97 (1.0) | 173 (1.4) | 109 (1.2) |
| Dehydration | 14 (2.1) | 6 (1.7) | <5 | <5 | <5 | 455 (0.7) | 184 (0.5) | 148 (1.6) | 42 (0.3) | 81 (0.9) |
| Thyroid disease | 32 (4.9) | 18 (5.2) | 12 (12.6) | <5 | <5 | 2 669 (4.1) | 1 195 (3.5) | 1 169 (12.3) | 92 (0.7) | 213 (2.4) |
| Ischemic heart disease (excluding myocardial infarction) | 21 (3.2) | <5 | 5 (5.3) | <5 | 9 (10.3) | 1 499 (2.3) | 115 (0.3) | 582 (6.1) | 112 (0.9) | 690 (7.8) |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 14 (2.1) | <5 | 7 (7.4) | <5 | 5 (5.7) | 923 (1.4) | 53 (0.2) | 332 (3.5) | 62 (0.5) | 476 (5.4) |
| Hypertension | 85 (13.0) | 19 (5.5) | 30 (31.6) | 10 (7.8) | 26 (29.9) | 5 378 (8.2) | 729 (2.1) | 2 213 (23.3) | 380 (3.0) | 2 056 (23.3) |
| Diabetes | 24 (3.7) | 6 (1.7) | <5 | 5 (3.9) | 9 (10.3) | 2 228 (3.4) | 525 (1.5) | 630 (6.6) | 226 (1.8) | 847 (9.6) |
| Obesity | 43 (6.6) | 36 (10.5) | <5 | <5 | <5 | 2 591 (4.0) | 1 874 (5.5) | 381 (4.0) | 145 (1.1) | 191 (2.2) |
| Heart failure | 11 (1.7) | <5 | <5 | <5 | 6 (6.9) | 451 (0.7) | 31 (0.1) | 179 (1.9) | 35 (0.3) | 206 (2.3) |
| Peripheral artery disease | <10 | 5 (1.5) | <5 | <5 | <5 | 698 (1.1) | 117 (0.3) | 232 (2.4) | 45 (0.4) | 304 (3.4) |
| Chronic liver disease | <5 | <5 | <5 | <5 | <5 | 206 (0.3) | 57 (0.2) | 54 (0.6) | 22 (0.2) | 73 (0.8) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 54 (8.3) | 27 (7.9) | 11 (11.6) | <5 | 12 (13.8) | 3 298 (5.1) | 1 271 (3.7) | 929 (9.8) | 382 (3.0) | 716 (8.1) |
| Filled prescriptions (prior 180 d), n (%) | ||||||||||
| Hormonal contraceptives | 209 (32.0) | 209 (60.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 11 747 (18.0) | 11 698 (34.1) | 32 (0.3) | 9 (0.1) | 8 (0.1) |
| Combined contraceptives (estrogen and progestogen) | 204 (31.2) | 204 (59.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 10 903 (16.7) | 10 887 (31.8) | 16 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Progestogen-only contraceptives | 7 (1.1) | 7 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 885 (1.4) | 852 (2.5) | 16 (0.2) | 9 (0.1) | 8 (0.1) |
| First-generation hormonal contraceptives | <5 | <5 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 146 (0.2) | 146 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Second-generation hormonal contraceptives | 62 (9.5) | 62 (18.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | <3 545 | 3 536 (10.3) | <5 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Third-generation hormonal contraceptives | 112 (17.2) | 112 (32.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 791 (8.9) | 5 786 (16.9) | 5 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Fourth-generation hormonal contraceptives | 22 (3.4) | 22 (6.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 815 (1.2) | 815 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Selective estrogen receptor modulators | <5 | <5 | <5 | <5 | <5 | 13 (0.1) | <5 | 10 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Other hormone treatment, excluding hormonal contraceptive and selective estrogen receptor modulators | 31 (4.7) | 11 (3.2) | 20 (21.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 410 (3.7) | 864 (2.5) | 1 540 (16.2) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (0.1) |
| Anticoagulants | <20 | 6 (1.7) | 5 (5.3) | <5 | 5 (5.7) | 613 (0.9) | 30 (0.1) | 211 (2.2) | 21 (0.2) | 351 (4.0) |
| Aspirin | <30 | <5 | 12 (12.6) | 5 (3.9) | 10 (11.5) | 2 487 (3.8) | 129 (0.4) | 1 097 (11.5) | 108 (0.9) | 1 153 (13.1) |
| Adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitors | 7 (1.1) | <5 | <5 | <5 | <5 | 324 (0.5) | 17 (0.0) | 123 (1.3) | 24 (0.2) | 160 (1.8) |
| Statins | <40 | <5 | 19 (20.0) | 6 (4.7) | 11 (12.6) | 3 704 (5.7) | 314 (0.9) | 1 474 (15.5) | 266 (2.1) | 1 650 (18.7) |
| Antihypertensives | 104 (15.9) | 30 (8.7) | 34 (35.8) | 9 (7.0) | 31 (35.6) | 9 098 (13.9) | 1 494 (4.4) | 3 655 (38.4) | 665 (5.2) | 3 284 (37.2) |
Among the 67 patients with CVT with any infections within 180 days before diagnosis, there were a total of 101 hospital–based diagnoses of infections. Of these, 21 were central nervous system infections (21%), 11 were pneumonia (11%), 9 were urinary tract infections (9%), 7 were gastrointestinal tract infections (7%), and the remaining were miscellaneous.
Among the 103 patients with CVT with any surgery within 90 days before diagnosis, there were a total 203 surgeries. Of these, 99 were cranial or intracranial operations (48%).