Table 2.

Characteristics of patients undergoing allo-HSCT

Patient’ characteristicsOverall (n = 223)LEVO-group (n = 71)NO-LEVO-group (n = 152)P value
Baseline     
Age at allo-HSCT, y, median (IQR) 56 (41-65) 52 (38-65) 57 (44-66) .20 
Male sex 145 (65%) 45 (63.4%) 100 (65.8%) .72 
ANC ≤500 cells/mm3 ≥ 7 d 28 (12.6%) 9 (12.7%) 19 (12.5%) .97 
Diagnosis    .003 
Myeloid disorders 164 (73.5%) 42 (59.2%) 122 (80.3%)  
Lymphoid disorders 54 (24.2%) 26 (36.6%) 28 (18.4%)  
Other disorders 5 (2.3%) 3 (4.2%) 2 (1.3%)  
Disease status at allo-HSCT    .30 
Complete response 140 (62.8%) 46 (64.8%) 94 (61.9%)  
Active disease and upfront 78 (35%) 22 (31%) 56 (36.8%)  
Other 5 (2.2%) 3 (4.2%) 2 (1.3%)  
Ongoing line of therapy    .56 
First line 99 (44.4%) 28 (39.4%) 71 (46.7%)  
Second line 69 (30.9%) 23 (32.4%) 46 (30.3%)  
≥Third line 55 (24.7%) 20 (28.2%) 35 (23%)  
Total number of allo-HSCT for patient    .15 
First allo-HSCT 206 (92.4%) 62 (87.3%) 144 (94.7%)  
Second allo-HSCT 15 (6.7%) 8 (11.3%) 7 (4.6%)  
Third allo-HSCT 2 (0.9%) 1 (1.4%) 1 (0.7%)  
HCT-CI index (not age-adjusted)    .36 
0-1 100 (44.8%) 35 (49.3%) 65 (42.8%)  
≥2 123 (55.2%) 36 (50.7%) 87 (57.2%)  
Donor type    .18 
Matched related donor 44 (19.7%) 11 (15.5%) 33 (21.7%)  
Matched unrelated donor 105 (47.1%) 33 (46.5%) 72 (47.4%)  
Haploidentical donor 61 (27.4%) 25 (35.2%) 36 (23.7%)  
Cord blood 13 (5.9%) 2 (2.8%) 11 (7.2%)  
Stem cell source    .41 
Peripheral blood stem cells 203 (91%) 67 (94.4%) 136 (89.5%)  
Bone marrow 7 (3.1%) 2 (2.8%) 5 (3.3%)  
Cord blood 13 (5.8%) 2 (2.8%) 11 (7.2%)  
Conditioning chemotherapy    .05 
Myeloablative 136 (61%) 50 (70.4%) 86 (56.6%)  
Reduced toxicity 87 (39%) 21 (29.6%) 66 (43.4%)  
GVHD prophylaxis    .03 
PT-Cy/sirolimus–based regimens 186 (83.4%) 66 (93%) 120 (79%)  
PT-Cy/ATG or ATG-based regimens 20 (9%) 2 (2.8%) 18 (11.8%)  
Other regimens 17 (7.6%) 3 (4.2%) 14 (9.2%)  
MDR-GNB rectal carrier within 30 d before allo-HSCT 9 (4%) 6 (8.5%) 3 (2%) .02 
Antibiotics ≤90 d before allo-HSCT 84 (37.7%) 26 (36.6%) 58 (38.2%) .83 
Carbapenems 43 (51.2%) 15 (57.7%) 28 (48.3%) .48 
Fluoroquinolones 8 (9.5%) 2 (7.7%) 6 (10.3%) 1.00 
Glycopeptides 40 (47.6%) 15 (57.7%) 25 (43.1%) .25 
Penicillin/β-lactam inhibitors 51 (60.7%) 14 (53.8%) 37 (63.8%) .47 
Carbapenems or penicillin/β-lactam inhibitors 68 (81.0%) 21 (80.8%) 47 (81.0%) .99 
GNB BSI within 90 d before allo-HSCT 26 (11.9%) 5 (7.4%) 21 (14.0%) .18 
Follow-up     
Follow-up, days, median (IQR) 367 (169-685) 819 (239-966) 300 (148-526) <.0001 
ANC engraftment 202 (92.7%) 64 (90.1%) 138 (93.9%) .32 
Time to engraftment, d, median (IQR) 21 (18-28) 21 (18-28) 21 (18-28) .56 
Relapse 39 (17.5%) 17 (23.9%) 22 (14.5%) .08 
Time to relapse, d, median (IQR) 163 (98-335) 195 (137-368) 116 (71-227) .02 
Acute GVHD ≥2 53 (23.8%) 13 (18.3%) 40 (26.3%) .19 
Time to acute GVHD ≥2, d, median (IQR) 39 (27-54) 43 (30-61) 36 (23-49) .29 
Overall death 56 (25.1%) 25 (35.2%) 31 (20.4%) .02 
Time to death, d, median (IQR) 148 (45-246) 187 (101-326) 85 (23-181) .03 
Cause of death 0.03    
Disease 24 (10.8%) 13 (18.3%) 11 (7.2%)  
IRM 18 (8.1%) 5 (7%) 13 (8.6%)  
GVHD 10 (4.5%) 6 (8.5%) 4 (2.6%)  
Other 4 (1.8%) 1 (1.4%) 3 (2%)  
Patient’ characteristicsOverall (n = 223)LEVO-group (n = 71)NO-LEVO-group (n = 152)P value
Baseline     
Age at allo-HSCT, y, median (IQR) 56 (41-65) 52 (38-65) 57 (44-66) .20 
Male sex 145 (65%) 45 (63.4%) 100 (65.8%) .72 
ANC ≤500 cells/mm3 ≥ 7 d 28 (12.6%) 9 (12.7%) 19 (12.5%) .97 
Diagnosis    .003 
Myeloid disorders 164 (73.5%) 42 (59.2%) 122 (80.3%)  
Lymphoid disorders 54 (24.2%) 26 (36.6%) 28 (18.4%)  
Other disorders 5 (2.3%) 3 (4.2%) 2 (1.3%)  
Disease status at allo-HSCT    .30 
Complete response 140 (62.8%) 46 (64.8%) 94 (61.9%)  
Active disease and upfront 78 (35%) 22 (31%) 56 (36.8%)  
Other 5 (2.2%) 3 (4.2%) 2 (1.3%)  
Ongoing line of therapy    .56 
First line 99 (44.4%) 28 (39.4%) 71 (46.7%)  
Second line 69 (30.9%) 23 (32.4%) 46 (30.3%)  
≥Third line 55 (24.7%) 20 (28.2%) 35 (23%)  
Total number of allo-HSCT for patient    .15 
First allo-HSCT 206 (92.4%) 62 (87.3%) 144 (94.7%)  
Second allo-HSCT 15 (6.7%) 8 (11.3%) 7 (4.6%)  
Third allo-HSCT 2 (0.9%) 1 (1.4%) 1 (0.7%)  
HCT-CI index (not age-adjusted)    .36 
0-1 100 (44.8%) 35 (49.3%) 65 (42.8%)  
≥2 123 (55.2%) 36 (50.7%) 87 (57.2%)  
Donor type    .18 
Matched related donor 44 (19.7%) 11 (15.5%) 33 (21.7%)  
Matched unrelated donor 105 (47.1%) 33 (46.5%) 72 (47.4%)  
Haploidentical donor 61 (27.4%) 25 (35.2%) 36 (23.7%)  
Cord blood 13 (5.9%) 2 (2.8%) 11 (7.2%)  
Stem cell source    .41 
Peripheral blood stem cells 203 (91%) 67 (94.4%) 136 (89.5%)  
Bone marrow 7 (3.1%) 2 (2.8%) 5 (3.3%)  
Cord blood 13 (5.8%) 2 (2.8%) 11 (7.2%)  
Conditioning chemotherapy    .05 
Myeloablative 136 (61%) 50 (70.4%) 86 (56.6%)  
Reduced toxicity 87 (39%) 21 (29.6%) 66 (43.4%)  
GVHD prophylaxis    .03 
PT-Cy/sirolimus–based regimens 186 (83.4%) 66 (93%) 120 (79%)  
PT-Cy/ATG or ATG-based regimens 20 (9%) 2 (2.8%) 18 (11.8%)  
Other regimens 17 (7.6%) 3 (4.2%) 14 (9.2%)  
MDR-GNB rectal carrier within 30 d before allo-HSCT 9 (4%) 6 (8.5%) 3 (2%) .02 
Antibiotics ≤90 d before allo-HSCT 84 (37.7%) 26 (36.6%) 58 (38.2%) .83 
Carbapenems 43 (51.2%) 15 (57.7%) 28 (48.3%) .48 
Fluoroquinolones 8 (9.5%) 2 (7.7%) 6 (10.3%) 1.00 
Glycopeptides 40 (47.6%) 15 (57.7%) 25 (43.1%) .25 
Penicillin/β-lactam inhibitors 51 (60.7%) 14 (53.8%) 37 (63.8%) .47 
Carbapenems or penicillin/β-lactam inhibitors 68 (81.0%) 21 (80.8%) 47 (81.0%) .99 
GNB BSI within 90 d before allo-HSCT 26 (11.9%) 5 (7.4%) 21 (14.0%) .18 
Follow-up     
Follow-up, days, median (IQR) 367 (169-685) 819 (239-966) 300 (148-526) <.0001 
ANC engraftment 202 (92.7%) 64 (90.1%) 138 (93.9%) .32 
Time to engraftment, d, median (IQR) 21 (18-28) 21 (18-28) 21 (18-28) .56 
Relapse 39 (17.5%) 17 (23.9%) 22 (14.5%) .08 
Time to relapse, d, median (IQR) 163 (98-335) 195 (137-368) 116 (71-227) .02 
Acute GVHD ≥2 53 (23.8%) 13 (18.3%) 40 (26.3%) .19 
Time to acute GVHD ≥2, d, median (IQR) 39 (27-54) 43 (30-61) 36 (23-49) .29 
Overall death 56 (25.1%) 25 (35.2%) 31 (20.4%) .02 
Time to death, d, median (IQR) 148 (45-246) 187 (101-326) 85 (23-181) .03 
Cause of death 0.03    
Disease 24 (10.8%) 13 (18.3%) 11 (7.2%)  
IRM 18 (8.1%) 5 (7%) 13 (8.6%)  
GVHD 10 (4.5%) 6 (8.5%) 4 (2.6%)  
Other 4 (1.8%) 1 (1.4%) 3 (2%)  

ATG, antithymocyte globulin; HCT-CI index, hematopoietic cell transplantation comorbidity index; PT-Cy, posttransplant cyclophosphamide.

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