HLA typing techniques and resulting resolution
| Methodology . | Approach . | Interpretation . | Resolution . | Application . | Results . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serology | Cellular assay based on complement fixation by HLA-specific antibodies | Cell death—yes/no | Low | Family screening Null allele confirmation | A2, A24 |
| Sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) | HLA sequence-specific PCR primers | Amplification—yes/no | Low to high, dependent on DNA sequence coverage | Family screening Verification typing | Low—A*02:XX, A*24:XX or A*02AB, A*24:BC High—A*0201g, A*24:02g |
| Sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSOP) | HLA sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes that bind to polymorphic sequences of amplified DNA | Probe binding—yes/no | Low to high depending on DNA sequence coverage | Family screening Verification typing | Low—A*02:XX, A*24:XX or A*02AB, A*24:BC High—A*02:01G, A*24:02G |
| Sanger sequence-based typing (SBT) | HLA amplicon sequencing using base termination | Base pair reads and consensus alignment | High to allele level depending on coverage | All | High—A*02:01G, A*24:02G Allele—A*02:01:01:03, A*24:02:01:01 |
| Next-generation sequencing (NGS) | Multiple platforms, based on massive parallel sequencing reactions | Base pair calling and consensus alignment | High to allele-level depending on coverage | All | High—A*02:01G, A*24:02G Allele—A*02:01:01:03, A*24:02:01:01 |
| Methodology . | Approach . | Interpretation . | Resolution . | Application . | Results . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serology | Cellular assay based on complement fixation by HLA-specific antibodies | Cell death—yes/no | Low | Family screening Null allele confirmation | A2, A24 |
| Sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) | HLA sequence-specific PCR primers | Amplification—yes/no | Low to high, dependent on DNA sequence coverage | Family screening Verification typing | Low—A*02:XX, A*24:XX or A*02AB, A*24:BC High—A*0201g, A*24:02g |
| Sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSOP) | HLA sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes that bind to polymorphic sequences of amplified DNA | Probe binding—yes/no | Low to high depending on DNA sequence coverage | Family screening Verification typing | Low—A*02:XX, A*24:XX or A*02AB, A*24:BC High—A*02:01G, A*24:02G |
| Sanger sequence-based typing (SBT) | HLA amplicon sequencing using base termination | Base pair reads and consensus alignment | High to allele level depending on coverage | All | High—A*02:01G, A*24:02G Allele—A*02:01:01:03, A*24:02:01:01 |
| Next-generation sequencing (NGS) | Multiple platforms, based on massive parallel sequencing reactions | Base pair calling and consensus alignment | High to allele-level depending on coverage | All | High—A*02:01G, A*24:02G Allele—A*02:01:01:03, A*24:02:01:01 |