Commonly performed procedures in patients with cirrhosis classified by bleeding risk
| Procedure type . | Low bleeding risk . | High bleeding risk . |
|---|---|---|
| Endoscopic | Diagnostic procedures Endoscopic variceal ligation Transesophageal echocardiogram | Bronchoscopy with biopsy Colonoscopy with polypectomy Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with sphincterotomy |
| Percutaneous | Paracentesis Thoracocentesis | Percutaneous liver biopsy Tunneled ascitic/pleural drain placement Cranial/spinal surgery |
| Vascular | Peripheral/central venous catheterization Transjugular liver biopsy | Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization |
| Other | Dental procedures including extractions Skin biopsy | Intraocular procedures |
| Procedure type . | Low bleeding risk . | High bleeding risk . |
|---|---|---|
| Endoscopic | Diagnostic procedures Endoscopic variceal ligation Transesophageal echocardiogram | Bronchoscopy with biopsy Colonoscopy with polypectomy Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with sphincterotomy |
| Percutaneous | Paracentesis Thoracocentesis | Percutaneous liver biopsy Tunneled ascitic/pleural drain placement Cranial/spinal surgery |
| Vascular | Peripheral/central venous catheterization Transjugular liver biopsy | Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization |
| Other | Dental procedures including extractions Skin biopsy | Intraocular procedures |
Adapted with permission from the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis.52