Decision thresholds per critical outcome
| Outcome . | Mean utility value (SD)* . | Decision thresholds for No. of events per 1000 patients (95% CI)† . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trivial/small . | Small/moderate . | Moderate/large . | ||
| Mortality | 0 | 16 (9-22) | 31 (22-39) | 60 (46-73) |
| Moderate PE | 0.42 (0.15) | 27 (15-38) | 53 (38-68) | 103 (80-125) |
| Moderate proximal DVT | 0.58 (0.14) | 37 (21-53) | 73 (53-94) | 142 (110-173) |
| Major bleeding | 0.33 (0.23) | 23 (13-33) | 46 (33-59) | 89 (69-109) |
| Severe ischemic stroke | 0.14 (0.10) | 18 (10-26) | 36 (26-46) | 69 (54-85) |
| Intracranial hemorrhage | 0.12 (0.10) | 18 (10-25) | 35 (25-45) | 68 (53-83) |
| Multiple organ failure | 0.15 (0.14) | 18 (10-26) | 36 (26-46) | 70 (54-86) |
| STEMI | 0.31 (0.19) | 23 (13-32) | 44 (32-57) | 86 (67-105) |
| Limb amputation | 0.26 (0.16) | 21 (12-30) | 41 (30-53) | 80 (63-98) |
| ICU hospitalization | 0.38 (0.16) | 25 (14-36) | 50 (36-63) | 96 (75-117) |
| Long-term invasive ventilation | 0.20 (0.12) | 20 (11-28) | 38 (28-49) | 74 (58-91) |
| Outcome . | Mean utility value (SD)* . | Decision thresholds for No. of events per 1000 patients (95% CI)† . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trivial/small . | Small/moderate . | Moderate/large . | ||
| Mortality | 0 | 16 (9-22) | 31 (22-39) | 60 (46-73) |
| Moderate PE | 0.42 (0.15) | 27 (15-38) | 53 (38-68) | 103 (80-125) |
| Moderate proximal DVT | 0.58 (0.14) | 37 (21-53) | 73 (53-94) | 142 (110-173) |
| Major bleeding | 0.33 (0.23) | 23 (13-33) | 46 (33-59) | 89 (69-109) |
| Severe ischemic stroke | 0.14 (0.10) | 18 (10-26) | 36 (26-46) | 69 (54-85) |
| Intracranial hemorrhage | 0.12 (0.10) | 18 (10-25) | 35 (25-45) | 68 (53-83) |
| Multiple organ failure | 0.15 (0.14) | 18 (10-26) | 36 (26-46) | 70 (54-86) |
| STEMI | 0.31 (0.19) | 23 (13-32) | 44 (32-57) | 86 (67-105) |
| Limb amputation | 0.26 (0.16) | 21 (12-30) | 41 (30-53) | 80 (63-98) |
| ICU hospitalization | 0.38 (0.16) | 25 (14-36) | 50 (36-63) | 96 (75-117) |
| Long-term invasive ventilation | 0.20 (0.12) | 20 (11-28) | 38 (28-49) | 74 (58-91) |
SD, standard deviation; STEMI, ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
Health utility values indicate how patients would value their health state when experiencing the outcome of interest; 1.00 indicates perfect health and 0 equals death. Values were obtained from 70 panel members from various ASH guidelines related to the management of VTE.
A survey was administered to 151 panel members from various ASH guidelines related to the management of VTE and COVID-19, using various clinical outcome scenarios with standardized outcome descriptors (marker states) to determine thresholds between trivial, small, moderate, and large effects for the different critical outcomes. Mortality was used as the anchor with a utility value of 0, and the thresholds for other outcomes were determined on the basis of their utility value relative to mortality.