Table 1.

Vascular biomarkers in COVID-19

ClassificationBiomarkerClinical association in COVID-19 ARDSComparison with non–COVID-19 ARDS
Endothelial inflammation Angpt-2 Death,52-54,93,97 ICU admission,16 disease severity54,71,92,94,147 Higher in COVID-19,53 no difference147  
ICAM1 COVID vs healthy,148 death,53,93 disease severity92  Higher in COVID-1953,149 
VCAM1 COVID vs healthy,148 death,150 disease severity92  Higher in COVID-1953  
E-selectin COVID vs healthy,54,148 death,54,93 disease severity74,92 Higher in COVID-1953  
P-selectin COVID vs healthy,148 death,54,91 disease severity54,92 Higher in non–COVID-19 ARDS53  
VEGF-A Disease severity85,97,98  
VEGFR-1 Disease severity,54,151 death151  Higher in COIVD152  
Thrombosis PAI-1 Disease severity15,72,86,96,150 No difference153,154 
Thrombomodulin Death,15 disease severity54,71,92,94 No difference153,155 
vWF COVID vs healthy,148 death,92,93 disease severity54,71,73,88,92,94,156 No difference87,154 
TFPI Disease severity54,71,88  
tPA Disease severity73,74  
Glycocalyx Syndecan-1 COVID-19 vs healthy,86,87 disease severity85,88 Higher in COVID-19,87 higher in non-COVID90  
Hyaluronic acid COVID-19 vs healthy,87 disease severity85,90 Higher in COVID,87 higher in non-COVID90  
Heparan sulfate Disease severity89,90 Higher in non-COVID90  
ClassificationBiomarkerClinical association in COVID-19 ARDSComparison with non–COVID-19 ARDS
Endothelial inflammation Angpt-2 Death,52-54,93,97 ICU admission,16 disease severity54,71,92,94,147 Higher in COVID-19,53 no difference147  
ICAM1 COVID vs healthy,148 death,53,93 disease severity92  Higher in COVID-1953,149 
VCAM1 COVID vs healthy,148 death,150 disease severity92  Higher in COVID-1953  
E-selectin COVID vs healthy,54,148 death,54,93 disease severity74,92 Higher in COVID-1953  
P-selectin COVID vs healthy,148 death,54,91 disease severity54,92 Higher in non–COVID-19 ARDS53  
VEGF-A Disease severity85,97,98  
VEGFR-1 Disease severity,54,151 death151  Higher in COIVD152  
Thrombosis PAI-1 Disease severity15,72,86,96,150 No difference153,154 
Thrombomodulin Death,15 disease severity54,71,92,94 No difference153,155 
vWF COVID vs healthy,148 death,92,93 disease severity54,71,73,88,92,94,156 No difference87,154 
TFPI Disease severity54,71,88  
tPA Disease severity73,74  
Glycocalyx Syndecan-1 COVID-19 vs healthy,86,87 disease severity85,88 Higher in COVID-19,87 higher in non-COVID90  
Hyaluronic acid COVID-19 vs healthy,87 disease severity85,90 Higher in COVID,87 higher in non-COVID90  
Heparan sulfate Disease severity89,90 Higher in non-COVID90  
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