Vascular biomarkers in COVID-19
| Classification . | Biomarker . | Clinical association in COVID-19 ARDS . | Comparison with non–COVID-19 ARDS . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Endothelial inflammation | Angpt-2 | Death,52-54,93,97 ICU admission,16 disease severity54,71,92,94,147 | Higher in COVID-19,53 no difference147 |
| ICAM1 | COVID vs healthy,148 death,53,93 disease severity92 | Higher in COVID-1953,149 | |
| VCAM1 | COVID vs healthy,148 death,150 disease severity92 | Higher in COVID-1953 | |
| E-selectin | COVID vs healthy,54,148 death,54,93 disease severity74,92 | Higher in COVID-1953 | |
| P-selectin | COVID vs healthy,148 death,54,91 disease severity54,92 | Higher in non–COVID-19 ARDS53 | |
| VEGF-A | Disease severity85,97,98 | ||
| VEGFR-1 | Disease severity,54,151 death151 | Higher in COIVD152 | |
| Thrombosis | PAI-1 | Disease severity15,72,86,96,150 | No difference153,154 |
| Thrombomodulin | Death,15 disease severity54,71,92,94 | No difference153,155 | |
| vWF | COVID vs healthy,148 death,92,93 disease severity54,71,73,88,92,94,156 | No difference87,154 | |
| TFPI | Disease severity54,71,88 | ||
| tPA | Disease severity73,74 | ||
| Glycocalyx | Syndecan-1 | COVID-19 vs healthy,86,87 disease severity85,88 | Higher in COVID-19,87 higher in non-COVID90 |
| Hyaluronic acid | COVID-19 vs healthy,87 disease severity85,90 | Higher in COVID,87 higher in non-COVID90 | |
| Heparan sulfate | Disease severity89,90 | Higher in non-COVID90 |
| Classification . | Biomarker . | Clinical association in COVID-19 ARDS . | Comparison with non–COVID-19 ARDS . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Endothelial inflammation | Angpt-2 | Death,52-54,93,97 ICU admission,16 disease severity54,71,92,94,147 | Higher in COVID-19,53 no difference147 |
| ICAM1 | COVID vs healthy,148 death,53,93 disease severity92 | Higher in COVID-1953,149 | |
| VCAM1 | COVID vs healthy,148 death,150 disease severity92 | Higher in COVID-1953 | |
| E-selectin | COVID vs healthy,54,148 death,54,93 disease severity74,92 | Higher in COVID-1953 | |
| P-selectin | COVID vs healthy,148 death,54,91 disease severity54,92 | Higher in non–COVID-19 ARDS53 | |
| VEGF-A | Disease severity85,97,98 | ||
| VEGFR-1 | Disease severity,54,151 death151 | Higher in COIVD152 | |
| Thrombosis | PAI-1 | Disease severity15,72,86,96,150 | No difference153,154 |
| Thrombomodulin | Death,15 disease severity54,71,92,94 | No difference153,155 | |
| vWF | COVID vs healthy,148 death,92,93 disease severity54,71,73,88,92,94,156 | No difference87,154 | |
| TFPI | Disease severity54,71,88 | ||
| tPA | Disease severity73,74 | ||
| Glycocalyx | Syndecan-1 | COVID-19 vs healthy,86,87 disease severity85,88 | Higher in COVID-19,87 higher in non-COVID90 |
| Hyaluronic acid | COVID-19 vs healthy,87 disease severity85,90 | Higher in COVID,87 higher in non-COVID90 | |
| Heparan sulfate | Disease severity89,90 | Higher in non-COVID90 |