Table 2.

Baseline GA measures for the study cohort (N = 105)

GA categoryScoreNo.%Median (range)
Physical function assessment 
K-MBI as ADL measurement    105 (24-05) 
 Impaired K-MBI ≤100 10 9.5  
K-IADL    10 (10-28) 
 Impaired K-IADL ≥12 31 29.5  
SPPB    10 (3-12) 
 Impaired SPPB ≤8 37 35.2  
  Standing balance consists of 3 subsequent balance tests ≤3 points    
  Side-by-side stand <10 s 0 points 0   
  Semitandem stand <10 s 0 points 3 2.9  
  Tandem stand <10 s  18 17.2  
   3.0-9.9 s 1 point 9 50.0  
   >3.0 s or cannot perform 0 points 9 50.0  
  Gait speed assessment (4   meters), ≥4.82 s     
   <4.82 s 4 points 48 45.7  
   4.82-6.20 s 3 points 27 25.7  
   6.21-8.70 s 2 points 14 13.3  
   >8.70 s 1 point 6 5.7  
   Cannot perform 0 points 10 9.5  
  Sit-and-stand speed, 5 times   (≥11.19 s)     
   <11.19 s 4 points 46 43.8  
   11.19-13.69 s 3 points 21 20.0  
   13.70-16.69 s 2 points 17 16.2  
   >16.7 s 1 point 9 8.6  
   <60 s or cannot perform 0 points 12 11.4  
 Handgrip strength     
  Dominant hand strength, kg    28 (12-46) 
   Male    34 (12-46) 
   Female    21 (13-28) 
  Impaired handgrip strength, dominant hand (≤4th quartile)  24 22.9  
   Male  10   
   Female  14   
Nutritional status assessment 
MNA    25.5 (10.5-33.0) 
 Impaired MNA ≤23.5 35 33.3  
Social support assessment 
OARS    16 (8-24) 
 Impaired OARS ≥18 34 32.4  
Cognition function assessment 
MMSE-KC    26 (15-30) 
 Impaired MMSE-KC ≤23 35 33.3  
  No cognitive impairment 24-30 70 66.7  
  Mild cognitive impairment 18-23 31 29.5  
  Severe cognitive impairment 0-17 4 3.8  
 KNU-DESC    0 (0-3) 
  Impaired KNU-DESC ≥2 2 1.9  
Psychological function assessment 
SGDS-K    2 (0-15) 
 Impaired SGDS-K, moderate depressive symptom ≥6 19 18.1  
  No depression 0-5 86 81.9  
  Moderate depressive symptom 6-9 9 8.6  
  Major depression ≥10 10 9.5  
 PHQ-9    5 (0-27) 
  Impaired PHQ-9, mild depression ≥6 50 47.6  
  No depression 0-5 55 52.4  
  Mild depression 6-8 18 17.1  
  Moderate depression 9-14 19 18.1  
  Severe depression ≥15 13 12.4  
 NCCN distress thermometer    3 (0-10) 
  Impaired NCCN distress thermometer ≥3 64 61.0  
GA categoryScoreNo.%Median (range)
Physical function assessment 
K-MBI as ADL measurement    105 (24-05) 
 Impaired K-MBI ≤100 10 9.5  
K-IADL    10 (10-28) 
 Impaired K-IADL ≥12 31 29.5  
SPPB    10 (3-12) 
 Impaired SPPB ≤8 37 35.2  
  Standing balance consists of 3 subsequent balance tests ≤3 points    
  Side-by-side stand <10 s 0 points 0   
  Semitandem stand <10 s 0 points 3 2.9  
  Tandem stand <10 s  18 17.2  
   3.0-9.9 s 1 point 9 50.0  
   >3.0 s or cannot perform 0 points 9 50.0  
  Gait speed assessment (4   meters), ≥4.82 s     
   <4.82 s 4 points 48 45.7  
   4.82-6.20 s 3 points 27 25.7  
   6.21-8.70 s 2 points 14 13.3  
   >8.70 s 1 point 6 5.7  
   Cannot perform 0 points 10 9.5  
  Sit-and-stand speed, 5 times   (≥11.19 s)     
   <11.19 s 4 points 46 43.8  
   11.19-13.69 s 3 points 21 20.0  
   13.70-16.69 s 2 points 17 16.2  
   >16.7 s 1 point 9 8.6  
   <60 s or cannot perform 0 points 12 11.4  
 Handgrip strength     
  Dominant hand strength, kg    28 (12-46) 
   Male    34 (12-46) 
   Female    21 (13-28) 
  Impaired handgrip strength, dominant hand (≤4th quartile)  24 22.9  
   Male  10   
   Female  14   
Nutritional status assessment 
MNA    25.5 (10.5-33.0) 
 Impaired MNA ≤23.5 35 33.3  
Social support assessment 
OARS    16 (8-24) 
 Impaired OARS ≥18 34 32.4  
Cognition function assessment 
MMSE-KC    26 (15-30) 
 Impaired MMSE-KC ≤23 35 33.3  
  No cognitive impairment 24-30 70 66.7  
  Mild cognitive impairment 18-23 31 29.5  
  Severe cognitive impairment 0-17 4 3.8  
 KNU-DESC    0 (0-3) 
  Impaired KNU-DESC ≥2 2 1.9  
Psychological function assessment 
SGDS-K    2 (0-15) 
 Impaired SGDS-K, moderate depressive symptom ≥6 19 18.1  
  No depression 0-5 86 81.9  
  Moderate depressive symptom 6-9 9 8.6  
  Major depression ≥10 10 9.5  
 PHQ-9    5 (0-27) 
  Impaired PHQ-9, mild depression ≥6 50 47.6  
  No depression 0-5 55 52.4  
  Mild depression 6-8 18 17.1  
  Moderate depression 9-14 19 18.1  
  Severe depression ≥15 13 12.4  
 NCCN distress thermometer    3 (0-10) 
  Impaired NCCN distress thermometer ≥3 64 61.0  

ADL, activity of daily living.

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