Table 1. Literature summary: humoral... | American Society of Hematology

Table 1.

Literature summary: humoral responses

Study	Design	Location	Anti-CD20 drug	Population/ Control population	N	Median age, y^*	Sex, % F	Interval between anti-CD20 and vaccination	SP %	SC %	SR %
T-cell–dependent vaccinations
Pandemic influenza
Bedognetti et al, 2012⁴⁴	Cohort	Italy	RTX	NHL in CR; Healthy controls	14; 14		NR	33 mo (range, 14-78 mo)	D1: 93, D2: 93; D1: 86, D2: 93	D1: 36, D2: 64; D1: 71; D2: 79
Berglund et al, 2014³⁰	Cohort	Sweden	RTX	Lymphoma on treatment; Disease controls with cancer on active treatment other than RTX	13; 83	63†	59†	All patients on active therapy	D1: 0, D2: 8; D1: 62, D2: 87	D1: 0, D2: 0; D1: 62, D2: 84
de Lavallade et al, 2011⁴⁰	Cohort	UK	RTX	B-cell malignancies	12	57†	40†	19 mo (range, 2-83 mo)	D1: 33, D2: 42; 5 patients, <6 mo: D1: 0, D2: 0; 4 patients, 6-12 mo: D1: 50, D2: 50; 3 patients, >12 mo: D1: 66, D2: 100	D1: 33, D2: 42; 5 patients, <6 mo: D1: 0, D2: 0; 4 patients, 6-12 mo: D1: 50, D2: 50; 3 patients, >12 mo: D1: 66, D2: 100
de Lavallade et al, 2011⁴⁰	Cohort	UK	RTX	Disease controls of B-cell malignancy not previously treated	9	57†	40†	19 mo (range, 2-83 mo)	D1: 56, D2: 89	D1: 78, D2: 78
de Lavallade et al, 2011⁴⁰	Cohort	UK	RTX	Disease controls postallotransplant	22	57†	40†	19 mo (range, 2-83 mo)	D1: 46, D2: 73	D1: 46, D2: 73
de Lavallade et al, 2011⁴⁰	Cohort	UK	RTX	Disease controls with chronic myeloid leukemia	20	57†	40†	19 mo (range, 2-83 mo)	D1: 85, D2: 90	D1: 80, D2: 95
Hottinger et al, 2012³¹	Cohort	Switzerland	RTX	Lymphoma on treatment; Healthy controls; Lymphoma on active treatment without RTX; Lymphoma not on active treatment	11; 138; 51; 119	61†	47†	On active therapy	D1: 0, D2: 27; 87; D1: 75, D2: 92; D1: 79, D2: 90	D1: 0, D2: 18; 87; D1: 75, D2: 92; D1: 79, D2: 87
Ide et al, 2014⁴⁵	Cohort	Japan	RTX	Lymphoma and acute leukemia	11	59†	60†	NR	D1: 0, D2: 0		D1: 0, D2: 9
Issa et al, 2011⁵⁹	Cohort	USA	RTX	Postallotransplant with RTX exposure in previous 1 y; Disease controls with no previous RTX exposure	11; 71	55†	51†	<12 mo	9; 58
Kapetanovic et al, 2014³²	Cohort	Sweden	RTX	RA; Disease controls RA and spondyloarthropathy on non-RTX treatments	10; 281	62	80	On active therapy	6 patients: 1D, 17, 4 patients: 2D, 25; 1D: 50, 2D: 65	6 patients: 1D, 0, 4 patients: 2D, 25; 1D: 45, 2D: 56
Kim et al, 2013⁶⁰	Cohort	Korea	RTX	NMOSD; Healthy controls; Disease controls on MMF; Disease controls on IFN or azathioprine	16; 8; 5; 14	39	81	20 wk (range, 1-45 wk)	19; 100; 20; 86	38; 75; 40; 93
Mackay et al, 2011³³	Cohort	Canada	RTX	Hematologic malignancy; Disease controls with hematologic malignancy on active therapy without RTX; Disease controls with solid tumor on active therapy	11; 15; 20	53†	35†	On active therapy	9; 40; 50	0; 33; 45
Monkman et al, 2011³⁴	Cohort	Canada	RTX	Hematologic malignancy; Disease controls who had never received RTX	16; 46	67	47	12 patients: on active therapy; 4 patients: previously received (unknown length of time since last treatment)	Active RTX: 33	Active RTX: 17 and previous RTX: 13; 24
Muller et al, 2013⁴³	Cohort	Switzerland	RTX	Autoimmune rheumatic diseases	16	45	88	Median, 6 mo (range, 1-36 mo)			D1: 38, D2: 44
Villa et al, 2013³⁷	Phase 3	Canada	RTX	Lymphoid malignancies on active chemotherapy or within 1 y following ASCT; Disease controls who had not received RTX	14; 26	49-57†	60†	On active therapy, therapy within last 3 mo, or ASCT within past year	D1: 14, D2: 21; D1: 35, D2: 46	D1: 0, D2: 14; D1: 27, D2: 39
Yri et al, 2011⁶¹	Cohort	Norway	RTX	Lymphoma; Healthy controls	67; 51	63	43	Median, 21 d (range, 0-171 d)	0; 82
Seasonal influenza
Arad et al, 2011³⁹	Cohort	Israel	RTX	RA; Healthy controls; Disease controls on DMARDs	29; 16; 17	62	79	16 patients: <5 mo; 13 patients: >5 mo	58-97; 88-100; 88-100	14-35 (avg. 26); 38-44 (avg. 42); 61-78 (avg. 68)
Bar-Or et al, 2020⁶²	Phase 3	USA and Canada	OCR	Relapsing MS; Disease controls on IFN or no treatment	68; 34	40	66	10-18 wk	56-80; 75-97	10-60; 53-89
Bedognetti et al, 2011⁵²	Cohort	Italy	RTX	NHL in CR; Healthy controls	31; 34	66	61	29 mo (range, 7-65 mo)	23-74; 44-94	3-29; 29-53
Bedognetti et al, 2012⁴⁴ (conjugated seasonal influenza)	Cohort	Italy	RTX	NHL in CR; Healthy controls	14; 14	65†	NR	33 mo (range, 14-78 mo)	57-79; 86-100	29-43; 43-79
Berglund et al, 2014³⁰	Cohort	Sweden	RTX	Lymphoma on treatment; Disease controls of patients with cancer on active treatment	13; 83	63†	59†	All patients on active treatment	8-17; 59-70	0; 42-50
Cho et al, 2017⁶³	Cohort	USA	RTX	Autoimmune blistering skin diseases; Healthy controls	23; 28	51	65	11 mo (range, 5-24 mo)	69-77; 64-100
Eisenberg et al, 2013⁴²	Cohort	USA	RTX	Rheumatologic disease; Healthy controls	17; 15	49	94	7-9 mo			17; 67
Oren et al, 2008⁵¹	Cohort	Israel	RTX	RA; Healthy controls; Disease controls treated with DMARDs	14; 21; 29	53	76	7 patients: <6 mo; All patients: <18 mo; no difference in interval between responders and non-responders		21-36; 40-45; 30-67
Richi et al, 2019⁶⁴	Cohort	Spain	RTX	Autoimmune inflammatory diseases (AIRD, psoriasis, or IBD)	20	49†	59†	NR	40-55; ≥12 wk: 80; <12 wk: 25
van Assen et al, 2010³⁵	Cohort	The Netherlands	RTX	RA; Healthy controls; Disease controls on MTX	23; 29; 20	56	70	11 patients: 4-8 wk; 12 patients: 6-10 mo	17-26; 48-86; 25-65	4-8 wk: 0; 6-10 mo: 25
Tetanus
Albert et al, 2008⁶⁵	Cohort	USA	RTX	SLE	14	43	93	7 mo			36
Bar-Or et al, 2020⁶²	Phase 3	USA and Canada	OCR	Relapsing MS; Disease controls on IFN or no treatment	68; 34	40	66	10 wk	100; 100	24; 55
Binghamet al, 2010⁶⁶	Phase 3	USA	RTX	Active RA; Disease controls on MTX	68; 32	50	78	22-26 wk		39; 42
Bühler et al, 2019⁶⁷	Cohort	Switzerland	RTX	RA and vasculitis; Healthy controls	11; 253	52†	57†	4.9 mo (IQR, 3.7-5.6 mo)	73; 100	9; 47
Colucci et al, 2019⁵³	Cohort	Italy	RTX and OFA	Frequently relapsing/ steroid- dependent pediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome	11	19†	33†	36 mo (range, 10-82 mo)	9	9
Horwitz et al, 2004⁶⁸	Cohort	USA	RTX	R/R BCL post-ASCT and -consolidation RTX	22	51†	34†	6-9 mo			64-68
Mustafa et al, 2020⁶⁹	Cohort	USA	RTX	B-cell NHL	15	71	48	Median, 9 mo (range, 1-24 mo; IQR, 9-13 mo)	93	7
Pescovitz et al, 2011⁷⁰	Phase 3 substudy	USA	RTX	Type 1 DM; Disease controls treated with placebo	46; 29	20	37	44 wk			67; 83
Puissant-Lubrano et al, 2010⁵⁰	Cohort	France	RTX	Renal transplant; Disease controls who had not received RTX	13; 26	55	23	Median, 9 mo (IQR, 4-11.5 mo)	92 96		31 61
Shah et al, 2015⁴⁶	Cohort	USA	RTX	Postallogeneic CBT for heme malignancy, disease free 6 mo posttransplant; Disease controls who had not received RTX	13; 48	34	NR	Median, 15 mo (range, 3-35 mo)		58; 65
van der Kolk et al, 2002³⁶	Phase 1/2 substudy	The Netherlands	RTX	Relapsed low-grade lymphoma	11	53	NR	4 wk		25
Diphtheria
Bühler et al, 2019⁶⁷	Cohort	Switzerland	RTX	RA and vasculitis; Healthy controls	11; 253	52†	57†	Median, 4.9 mo (IQR, 3.7-5.6 mo)	64; 84-88	43
Mustafa et al, 2020⁶⁹	Cohort	USA	RTX	B-cell NHL	15	71	48	Median, 9 mo (range, 1-24 mo; IQR, 9-13 mo)	67	20
Pescovitz et al, 2011⁷⁰	Phase 3 substudy	USA	RTX	Type 1 DM; Type 1 DM treated with placebo	46; 29	20	37	44 wk			69; 76
Shah et al, 2015⁴⁶	Cohort	USA	RTX	Postallogeneic CBT for heme malignancy, disease free 6 mo posttransplant; Disease controls who had not received RTX	13; 48	34	NR	Median, 15 mo (range, 3-35 mo)		75; 70
Pertussis
Shah et al, 2015⁴⁶	Cohort	USA	RTX	Postallogeneic CBT for heme malignancy, disease free 6 mo posttransplant; Disease controls who had not received RTX	13; 48	34	NR	Median, 15 mo (range, 3-35 mo)		60; 66
Small et al, 2009⁴⁷	Cohort	USA	RTX	Post-ASCT RTX for NHL	17	45†	NR	Median, 31 mo in all (pre-transplant RTX and post)	0		0
Haemophilus influenza B
Horwitz et al, 2004⁶⁸	Cohort	USA	RTX	R/R BCL post-ASCT and consolidation RTX	22	51†	34†	6-9 mo			D1: 73, D2: 77
Nazi et al, 2013³⁸	Phase 3 substudy	Canada	RTX	ITP; Disease controls treated with placebo	17; 7	40	71	6 mo		29; 83
Shah et al, 2015⁴⁶	Cohort	USA	RTX	Postallogeneic CBT for heme malignancy, disease free 6 mo posttransplant; Disease controls who had not received RTX	13; 48	34	NR	Median, 15 mo (range, 3-35 mo)		85; 89
Hepatitis B
Avivi et al, 2019⁷¹	Cohort	Israel	RTX	NHL who met criteria for “minimal B-cell recovery”; Healthy controls, ≤35 y; Healthy controls, ≥55 y	22; 8; 17	65	NR	38 mo (range, 14-56 mo)	64; 100; 59
Jaffe et al, 2006⁵⁴	Cohort	USA	RTX	Postallotransplant; Postallotransplant who had not received RTX	25; 244	24†	38†	Median, 17 mo	56	56; 65
Richi et al, 2020⁷²	Cohort	Spain	RTX	Autoimmune inflammatory diseases (AIRD, psoriasis, or IBD); Healthy controls; Autoimmune inflammatory diseases on other biological DMARDs; Autoimmune inflammatory diseases on synthetic DMARDs	14; 49; 173; 48	56	61†	NR	29; 98; 86; 94	29; 98; 86; 94
Hepatitis A virus
Pescovitz et al, 2011⁷⁰	Phase 3 substudy	USA	RTX	Type 1 DM; T1DM treated with placebo	46; 29	20	37	44 wk	47; 67
van der Kolk et al, 2002³⁶	Phase 1/2 substudy	The Netherlands	RTX	Relapsed low-grade lymphoma	11	53	NR	4 wk	0
Polio virus
Jaffe et al, 2006⁵⁴	Cohort	USA	RTX	Postallotransplant; Postallotransplant who had not received RTX	25; 244	24†	38†	NR; HBV in trial given after median 16.6 mo			91; 91
Shah et al, 2015⁴⁶	Cohort	USA	RTX	Postallogeneic CBT for heme malignancy, disease free 6 mo posttransplant; Disease controls who had not received RTX	13; 48	34	NR	Median, 15 mo (range, 3-35 mo)			62; 80
van der Kolk et al, 2002³⁶	Phase 1/2 substudy	The Netherlands	RTX	Relapsed low-grade lymphoma	11	53	NR	4 wk			20
Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV-7)
Kapetanovic et al, 2013⁷³	Cohort	Sweden	RTX	RA; Disease controls on abatacept; Disease controls on tocilizumab; Disease controls on MTX; Alternate disease controls with spondyloarthropathy on anti-inflammatories and analgesics	55; 17; 16; 85; 86	65	67	86 d (range, 0-894 d)			5; 18; 50; 21; 48
T-cell–independent vaccinations
Pneumococcal polysaccharide (PCV-23)
Albert et al, 2008⁶⁵	Cohort	USA	RTX	SLE	14	43	93	7 mo			29
Bar-Or et al, 2020⁶²	Phase 3	USA and Canada	OCR	Relapsing MS; Disease controls: relapsing MS on IFN or no treatment	68; 34	40	66	14 wk			37% to ≥12 serotypes; 97% to ≥12serotypes
Berglund et al, 2014³⁰	Cohort	Sweden	RTX	Lymphoma on treatment; Disease controls with cancer on active treatment other than RTX	13; 83	63†	59†	All patients on active treatment	25; 68	0; 42
Bingham et al, 2010⁶⁶	Phase 3	USA	RTX	Active RA; Disease controls: active RA on MTX alone	68; 32	50	78	22-26 wk			19% to ≥6 serotypes; 61% to ≥6 serotypes
Horwitz et al, 2004⁶⁸	Cohort	USA	RTX	R/R BCL post-ASCT and consolidation RTX	22	51†	34†	6-9 mo	41
Mustafa et al, 2020⁶⁹	Cohort	USA	RTX	B-cell NHL	15	71	48	Median, 9 mo (range, 1-24 mo; IQR, 9-13 mo)	33% to ≥7 serotypes	20
Nazi et al, 2013³⁸	Phase 3 substudy	Canada	RTX	ITP ITP treated with placebo	17; 7	40	71	6 mo		21; 67

Study	Design	Location	Anti-CD20 drug	Population/ Control population	N	Median age, y^*	Sex, % F	Interval between anti-CD20 and vaccination	SP %	SC %	SR %
T-cell–dependent vaccinations
Pandemic influenza
Bedognetti et al, 2012⁴⁴	Cohort	Italy	RTX	NHL in CR; Healthy controls	14; 14		NR	33 mo (range, 14-78 mo)	D1: 93, D2: 93; D1: 86, D2: 93	D1: 36, D2: 64; D1: 71; D2: 79
Berglund et al, 2014³⁰	Cohort	Sweden	RTX	Lymphoma on treatment; Disease controls with cancer on active treatment other than RTX	13; 83	63†	59†	All patients on active therapy	D1: 0, D2: 8; D1: 62, D2: 87	D1: 0, D2: 0; D1: 62, D2: 84
de Lavallade et al, 2011⁴⁰	Cohort	UK	RTX	B-cell malignancies	12	57†	40†	19 mo (range, 2-83 mo)	D1: 33, D2: 42; 5 patients, <6 mo: D1: 0, D2: 0; 4 patients, 6-12 mo: D1: 50, D2: 50; 3 patients, >12 mo: D1: 66, D2: 100	D1: 33, D2: 42; 5 patients, <6 mo: D1: 0, D2: 0; 4 patients, 6-12 mo: D1: 50, D2: 50; 3 patients, >12 mo: D1: 66, D2: 100
de Lavallade et al, 2011⁴⁰	Cohort	UK	RTX	Disease controls of B-cell malignancy not previously treated	9	57†	40†	19 mo (range, 2-83 mo)	D1: 56, D2: 89	D1: 78, D2: 78
de Lavallade et al, 2011⁴⁰	Cohort	UK	RTX	Disease controls postallotransplant	22	57†	40†	19 mo (range, 2-83 mo)	D1: 46, D2: 73	D1: 46, D2: 73
de Lavallade et al, 2011⁴⁰	Cohort	UK	RTX	Disease controls with chronic myeloid leukemia	20	57†	40†	19 mo (range, 2-83 mo)	D1: 85, D2: 90	D1: 80, D2: 95
Hottinger et al, 2012³¹	Cohort	Switzerland	RTX	Lymphoma on treatment; Healthy controls; Lymphoma on active treatment without RTX; Lymphoma not on active treatment	11; 138; 51; 119	61†	47†	On active therapy	D1: 0, D2: 27; 87; D1: 75, D2: 92; D1: 79, D2: 90	D1: 0, D2: 18; 87; D1: 75, D2: 92; D1: 79, D2: 87
Ide et al, 2014⁴⁵	Cohort	Japan	RTX	Lymphoma and acute leukemia	11	59†	60†	NR	D1: 0, D2: 0		D1: 0, D2: 9
Issa et al, 2011⁵⁹	Cohort	USA	RTX	Postallotransplant with RTX exposure in previous 1 y; Disease controls with no previous RTX exposure	11; 71	55†	51†	<12 mo	9; 58
Kapetanovic et al, 2014³²	Cohort	Sweden	RTX	RA; Disease controls RA and spondyloarthropathy on non-RTX treatments	10; 281	62	80	On active therapy	6 patients: 1D, 17, 4 patients: 2D, 25; 1D: 50, 2D: 65	6 patients: 1D, 0, 4 patients: 2D, 25; 1D: 45, 2D: 56
Kim et al, 2013⁶⁰	Cohort	Korea	RTX	NMOSD; Healthy controls; Disease controls on MMF; Disease controls on IFN or azathioprine	16; 8; 5; 14	39	81	20 wk (range, 1-45 wk)	19; 100; 20; 86	38; 75; 40; 93
Mackay et al, 2011³³	Cohort	Canada	RTX	Hematologic malignancy; Disease controls with hematologic malignancy on active therapy without RTX; Disease controls with solid tumor on active therapy	11; 15; 20	53†	35†	On active therapy	9; 40; 50	0; 33; 45
Monkman et al, 2011³⁴	Cohort	Canada	RTX	Hematologic malignancy; Disease controls who had never received RTX	16; 46	67	47	12 patients: on active therapy; 4 patients: previously received (unknown length of time since last treatment)	Active RTX: 33	Active RTX: 17 and previous RTX: 13; 24
Muller et al, 2013⁴³	Cohort	Switzerland	RTX	Autoimmune rheumatic diseases	16	45	88	Median, 6 mo (range, 1-36 mo)			D1: 38, D2: 44
Villa et al, 2013³⁷	Phase 3	Canada	RTX	Lymphoid malignancies on active chemotherapy or within 1 y following ASCT; Disease controls who had not received RTX	14; 26	49-57†	60†	On active therapy, therapy within last 3 mo, or ASCT within past year	D1: 14, D2: 21; D1: 35, D2: 46	D1: 0, D2: 14; D1: 27, D2: 39
Yri et al, 2011⁶¹	Cohort	Norway	RTX	Lymphoma; Healthy controls	67; 51	63	43	Median, 21 d (range, 0-171 d)	0; 82
Seasonal influenza
Arad et al, 2011³⁹	Cohort	Israel	RTX	RA; Healthy controls; Disease controls on DMARDs	29; 16; 17	62	79	16 patients: <5 mo; 13 patients: >5 mo	58-97; 88-100; 88-100	14-35 (avg. 26); 38-44 (avg. 42); 61-78 (avg. 68)
Bar-Or et al, 2020⁶²	Phase 3	USA and Canada	OCR	Relapsing MS; Disease controls on IFN or no treatment	68; 34	40	66	10-18 wk	56-80; 75-97	10-60; 53-89
Bedognetti et al, 2011⁵²	Cohort	Italy	RTX	NHL in CR; Healthy controls	31; 34	66	61	29 mo (range, 7-65 mo)	23-74; 44-94	3-29; 29-53
Bedognetti et al, 2012⁴⁴ (conjugated seasonal influenza)	Cohort	Italy	RTX	NHL in CR; Healthy controls	14; 14	65†	NR	33 mo (range, 14-78 mo)	57-79; 86-100	29-43; 43-79
Berglund et al, 2014³⁰	Cohort	Sweden	RTX	Lymphoma on treatment; Disease controls of patients with cancer on active treatment	13; 83	63†	59†	All patients on active treatment	8-17; 59-70	0; 42-50
Cho et al, 2017⁶³	Cohort	USA	RTX	Autoimmune blistering skin diseases; Healthy controls	23; 28	51	65	11 mo (range, 5-24 mo)	69-77; 64-100
Eisenberg et al, 2013⁴²	Cohort	USA	RTX	Rheumatologic disease; Healthy controls	17; 15	49	94	7-9 mo			17; 67
Oren et al, 2008⁵¹	Cohort	Israel	RTX	RA; Healthy controls; Disease controls treated with DMARDs	14; 21; 29	53	76	7 patients: <6 mo; All patients: <18 mo; no difference in interval between responders and non-responders		21-36; 40-45; 30-67
Richi et al, 2019⁶⁴	Cohort	Spain	RTX	Autoimmune inflammatory diseases (AIRD, psoriasis, or IBD)	20	49†	59†	NR	40-55; ≥12 wk: 80; <12 wk: 25
van Assen et al, 2010³⁵	Cohort	The Netherlands	RTX	RA; Healthy controls; Disease controls on MTX	23; 29; 20	56	70	11 patients: 4-8 wk; 12 patients: 6-10 mo	17-26; 48-86; 25-65	4-8 wk: 0; 6-10 mo: 25
Tetanus
Albert et al, 2008⁶⁵	Cohort	USA	RTX	SLE	14	43	93	7 mo			36
Bar-Or et al, 2020⁶²	Phase 3	USA and Canada	OCR	Relapsing MS; Disease controls on IFN or no treatment	68; 34	40	66	10 wk	100; 100	24; 55
Binghamet al, 2010⁶⁶	Phase 3	USA	RTX	Active RA; Disease controls on MTX	68; 32	50	78	22-26 wk		39; 42
Bühler et al, 2019⁶⁷	Cohort	Switzerland	RTX	RA and vasculitis; Healthy controls	11; 253	52†	57†	4.9 mo (IQR, 3.7-5.6 mo)	73; 100	9; 47
Colucci et al, 2019⁵³	Cohort	Italy	RTX and OFA	Frequently relapsing/ steroid- dependent pediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome	11	19†	33†	36 mo (range, 10-82 mo)	9	9
Horwitz et al, 2004⁶⁸	Cohort	USA	RTX	R/R BCL post-ASCT and -consolidation RTX	22	51†	34†	6-9 mo			64-68
Mustafa et al, 2020⁶⁹	Cohort	USA	RTX	B-cell NHL	15	71	48	Median, 9 mo (range, 1-24 mo; IQR, 9-13 mo)	93	7
Pescovitz et al, 2011⁷⁰	Phase 3 substudy	USA	RTX	Type 1 DM; Disease controls treated with placebo	46; 29	20	37	44 wk			67; 83
Puissant-Lubrano et al, 2010⁵⁰	Cohort	France	RTX	Renal transplant; Disease controls who had not received RTX	13; 26	55	23	Median, 9 mo (IQR, 4-11.5 mo)	92 96		31 61
Shah et al, 2015⁴⁶	Cohort	USA	RTX	Postallogeneic CBT for heme malignancy, disease free 6 mo posttransplant; Disease controls who had not received RTX	13; 48	34	NR	Median, 15 mo (range, 3-35 mo)		58; 65
van der Kolk et al, 2002³⁶	Phase 1/2 substudy	The Netherlands	RTX	Relapsed low-grade lymphoma	11	53	NR	4 wk		25
Diphtheria
Bühler et al, 2019⁶⁷	Cohort	Switzerland	RTX	RA and vasculitis; Healthy controls	11; 253	52†	57†	Median, 4.9 mo (IQR, 3.7-5.6 mo)	64; 84-88	43
Mustafa et al, 2020⁶⁹	Cohort	USA	RTX	B-cell NHL	15	71	48	Median, 9 mo (range, 1-24 mo; IQR, 9-13 mo)	67	20
Pescovitz et al, 2011⁷⁰	Phase 3 substudy	USA	RTX	Type 1 DM; Type 1 DM treated with placebo	46; 29	20	37	44 wk			69; 76
Shah et al, 2015⁴⁶	Cohort	USA	RTX	Postallogeneic CBT for heme malignancy, disease free 6 mo posttransplant; Disease controls who had not received RTX	13; 48	34	NR	Median, 15 mo (range, 3-35 mo)		75; 70
Pertussis
Shah et al, 2015⁴⁶	Cohort	USA	RTX	Postallogeneic CBT for heme malignancy, disease free 6 mo posttransplant; Disease controls who had not received RTX	13; 48	34	NR	Median, 15 mo (range, 3-35 mo)		60; 66
Small et al, 2009⁴⁷	Cohort	USA	RTX	Post-ASCT RTX for NHL	17	45†	NR	Median, 31 mo in all (pre-transplant RTX and post)	0		0
Haemophilus influenza B
Horwitz et al, 2004⁶⁸	Cohort	USA	RTX	R/R BCL post-ASCT and consolidation RTX	22	51†	34†	6-9 mo			D1: 73, D2: 77
Nazi et al, 2013³⁸	Phase 3 substudy	Canada	RTX	ITP; Disease controls treated with placebo	17; 7	40	71	6 mo		29; 83
Shah et al, 2015⁴⁶	Cohort	USA	RTX	Postallogeneic CBT for heme malignancy, disease free 6 mo posttransplant; Disease controls who had not received RTX	13; 48	34	NR	Median, 15 mo (range, 3-35 mo)		85; 89
Hepatitis B
Avivi et al, 2019⁷¹	Cohort	Israel	RTX	NHL who met criteria for “minimal B-cell recovery”; Healthy controls, ≤35 y; Healthy controls, ≥55 y	22; 8; 17	65	NR	38 mo (range, 14-56 mo)	64; 100; 59
Jaffe et al, 2006⁵⁴	Cohort	USA	RTX	Postallotransplant; Postallotransplant who had not received RTX	25; 244	24†	38†	Median, 17 mo	56	56; 65
Richi et al, 2020⁷²	Cohort	Spain	RTX	Autoimmune inflammatory diseases (AIRD, psoriasis, or IBD); Healthy controls; Autoimmune inflammatory diseases on other biological DMARDs; Autoimmune inflammatory diseases on synthetic DMARDs	14; 49; 173; 48	56	61†	NR	29; 98; 86; 94	29; 98; 86; 94
Hepatitis A virus
Pescovitz et al, 2011⁷⁰	Phase 3 substudy	USA	RTX	Type 1 DM; T1DM treated with placebo	46; 29	20	37	44 wk	47; 67
van der Kolk et al, 2002³⁶	Phase 1/2 substudy	The Netherlands	RTX	Relapsed low-grade lymphoma	11	53	NR	4 wk	0
Polio virus
Jaffe et al, 2006⁵⁴	Cohort	USA	RTX	Postallotransplant; Postallotransplant who had not received RTX	25; 244	24†	38†	NR; HBV in trial given after median 16.6 mo			91; 91
Shah et al, 2015⁴⁶	Cohort	USA	RTX	Postallogeneic CBT for heme malignancy, disease free 6 mo posttransplant; Disease controls who had not received RTX	13; 48	34	NR	Median, 15 mo (range, 3-35 mo)			62; 80
van der Kolk et al, 2002³⁶	Phase 1/2 substudy	The Netherlands	RTX	Relapsed low-grade lymphoma	11	53	NR	4 wk			20
Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV-7)
Kapetanovic et al, 2013⁷³	Cohort	Sweden	RTX	RA; Disease controls on abatacept; Disease controls on tocilizumab; Disease controls on MTX; Alternate disease controls with spondyloarthropathy on anti-inflammatories and analgesics	55; 17; 16; 85; 86	65	67	86 d (range, 0-894 d)			5; 18; 50; 21; 48
T-cell–independent vaccinations
Pneumococcal polysaccharide (PCV-23)
Albert et al, 2008⁶⁵	Cohort	USA	RTX	SLE	14	43	93	7 mo			29
Bar-Or et al, 2020⁶²	Phase 3	USA and Canada	OCR	Relapsing MS; Disease controls: relapsing MS on IFN or no treatment	68; 34	40	66	14 wk			37% to ≥12 serotypes; 97% to ≥12serotypes
Berglund et al, 2014³⁰	Cohort	Sweden	RTX	Lymphoma on treatment; Disease controls with cancer on active treatment other than RTX	13; 83	63†	59†	All patients on active treatment	25; 68	0; 42
Bingham et al, 2010⁶⁶	Phase 3	USA	RTX	Active RA; Disease controls: active RA on MTX alone	68; 32	50	78	22-26 wk			19% to ≥6 serotypes; 61% to ≥6 serotypes
Horwitz et al, 2004⁶⁸	Cohort	USA	RTX	R/R BCL post-ASCT and consolidation RTX	22	51†	34†	6-9 mo	41
Mustafa et al, 2020⁶⁹	Cohort	USA	RTX	B-cell NHL	15	71	48	Median, 9 mo (range, 1-24 mo; IQR, 9-13 mo)	33% to ≥7 serotypes	20
Nazi et al, 2013³⁸	Phase 3 substudy	Canada	RTX	ITP ITP treated with placebo	17; 7	40	71	6 mo		21; 67

1D, response at the end of 1 dose of a 1-dose series; 2D, response at the end of 2 doses of a 2-dose series; AIRD, autoimmune rheumatic disease; ASCT, autologous stem cell transplant; CBT, cord blood transplant; CR, complete response; D1, dose 1 of a 2-dose series; D2, dose 2 of a 2-dose series; DM, diabetes mellitus; DMARD, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug; F, female; HBV, hepatitis B virus; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; IFN, interferon; IQR, interquartile range; ITP, immune thrombocytopenia; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; MS, multiple sclerosis; MTX, methotrexate; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; NMOSD, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; NR, not reported; OCR, ocrelizumab; OFA, ofatumumab; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; R/R BCL, relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma; RTX, rituximab; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SC, seroconversion; SP, seroprotection; SR, seroresponse; T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus; UK, United Kingdom; USA, United States of America.

Median age; where not reported, mean age reported.

†

Rituximab-specific age and percentage female not reported, thus age and percentage female of entire study population reported.

View Large

This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only