Hemostasis tests in COVID-19 patients on admission and at 4-mo follow-up compared with healthy controls
| . | Healthy controls, n = 29 . | COVID-19 patients on admission, n = 52 . | COVID-19 patients 4-mo follow-up, n = 52 . | Admission vs follow-up, P . | Admission vs controls, P . | Follow-up vs controls, P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard hemostasis tests | ||||||
| PT, s | 13.9 [13.5-14.6] | 15.1 [14.0-16.4] | 13.6 [13.2-14.3] | <.0001 | <.0001 | .067 |
| Additional hemostasis tests | ||||||
| Factor V, % | 107 [84-124] | 126 [102-141] | 96 [88-107] | <.0001 | .003 | .079 |
| Factor VIII, % | 136 [114-157] | 223 [165-286] | 162 [132-201] | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.001 |
| VWF, % | 108 [83-128] | 348 [249-427] | 122 [86-154] | <.0001 | <.0001 | .155 |
| Prothrombin, % | 85 [82-97] | 91 [81-100] | 100 [91-104] | .076 | .449 | .001 |
| Antithrombin, % | 97 [96-104] | 96 [79-106] | 103 [97-111] | <.0001 | .295 | .030 |
| Fibrinogen, g/L | 3.14 [2.71-3.39] | 6.42 [5.68-7.38] | 3.27 [2.82-3.90] | <.0001 | <.0001 | .140 |
| PAI-1, ng/mL | 0.60 [0.10-0.75] | 2.60 [1.90-4.35] | 3.15 [0.85-5.58] | .857 | <.0001 | <.0001 |
| Protein C, % | 106 [93-119] | 98 [77-115] | 120 [104-129] | <.0001 | .046 | .051 |
| Activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis | ||||||
| D-dimer, ng/mL | 290 [205-445] | 1135 [660-1950] | 380 [290-510] | <.0001 | <.0001 | .060 |
| TAT, µg/mL | 2.90 [2.05-3.80] | 5.00 [4.00-7.00] | 2.60 [2.33-3.38] | <.0001 | <.0001 | .456 |
| PAP, ng/mL | 544 [437-707] | 1278 [1041-2018] | 218 [157-354] | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 |
| Thrombin-generation assay | ||||||
| ETP, nM IIa × min | 606 [422-773] | 811 [586-976] | 851 [699-980] | .560 | <.001 | <.0001 |
| Peak, nM IIa | 167 [123-215] | 215 [153-264] | 243 [195-279] | .027 | .009 | <.001 |
| Lag time, min | 2.00 [1.67-2.00] | 2.67 [2.28-3.00] | 2.00 [1.67-2.33] | <.0001 | <.0001 | .108 |
| Velocity index, nM IIa/min | 77 [62-112] | 100 [67-123] | 138 [90-161] | <.0001 | .161 | <.001 |
| Clot lysis time, min | 66 [62-70] | 82 [70-91] | 75 [65-85] | .072 | <.0001 | .007 |
| . | Healthy controls, n = 29 . | COVID-19 patients on admission, n = 52 . | COVID-19 patients 4-mo follow-up, n = 52 . | Admission vs follow-up, P . | Admission vs controls, P . | Follow-up vs controls, P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard hemostasis tests | ||||||
| PT, s | 13.9 [13.5-14.6] | 15.1 [14.0-16.4] | 13.6 [13.2-14.3] | <.0001 | <.0001 | .067 |
| Additional hemostasis tests | ||||||
| Factor V, % | 107 [84-124] | 126 [102-141] | 96 [88-107] | <.0001 | .003 | .079 |
| Factor VIII, % | 136 [114-157] | 223 [165-286] | 162 [132-201] | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.001 |
| VWF, % | 108 [83-128] | 348 [249-427] | 122 [86-154] | <.0001 | <.0001 | .155 |
| Prothrombin, % | 85 [82-97] | 91 [81-100] | 100 [91-104] | .076 | .449 | .001 |
| Antithrombin, % | 97 [96-104] | 96 [79-106] | 103 [97-111] | <.0001 | .295 | .030 |
| Fibrinogen, g/L | 3.14 [2.71-3.39] | 6.42 [5.68-7.38] | 3.27 [2.82-3.90] | <.0001 | <.0001 | .140 |
| PAI-1, ng/mL | 0.60 [0.10-0.75] | 2.60 [1.90-4.35] | 3.15 [0.85-5.58] | .857 | <.0001 | <.0001 |
| Protein C, % | 106 [93-119] | 98 [77-115] | 120 [104-129] | <.0001 | .046 | .051 |
| Activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis | ||||||
| D-dimer, ng/mL | 290 [205-445] | 1135 [660-1950] | 380 [290-510] | <.0001 | <.0001 | .060 |
| TAT, µg/mL | 2.90 [2.05-3.80] | 5.00 [4.00-7.00] | 2.60 [2.33-3.38] | <.0001 | <.0001 | .456 |
| PAP, ng/mL | 544 [437-707] | 1278 [1041-2018] | 218 [157-354] | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 |
| Thrombin-generation assay | ||||||
| ETP, nM IIa × min | 606 [422-773] | 811 [586-976] | 851 [699-980] | .560 | <.001 | <.0001 |
| Peak, nM IIa | 167 [123-215] | 215 [153-264] | 243 [195-279] | .027 | .009 | <.001 |
| Lag time, min | 2.00 [1.67-2.00] | 2.67 [2.28-3.00] | 2.00 [1.67-2.33] | <.0001 | <.0001 | .108 |
| Velocity index, nM IIa/min | 77 [62-112] | 100 [67-123] | 138 [90-161] | <.0001 | .161 | <.001 |
| Clot lysis time, min | 66 [62-70] | 82 [70-91] | 75 [65-85] | .072 | <.0001 | .007 |
The results are presented as median [interquartile range]. Comparisons between patients on admission and follow-up were made using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Comparisons with healthy controls were made with the use of the Mann-Whitney U test. A value of P < .05 was considered statistically significant.
ETP, endogenous thrombin potential.