Mechanisms contributing to ID in CICs
| Condition . | Reduced iron absorption . | Increased iron loss . |
|---|---|---|
| CKD | Anorexia/GI tract edema; frequent use of proton pump inhibitors; use of phosphate chelators; high hepcidin with blockade of duodenal absorption | Uremic platelet dysfunction; antiplatelet therapy and anticoagulation; blood loss from hemodialysis |
| HF | Anorexia/GI tract edema; high hepcidin with blockade of duodenal absorption | Antiplatelet therapy and anticoagulation |
| IBDs | High hepcidin with blockade of duodenal absorption; small bowel resection | Chronic diarrhea with high epithelial turnover; GI tract bleeding; use of corticosteroids |
| Obesity | High hepcidin due to adipose tissue inflammation; bariatric surgery | Increased uterine bleeding (when associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome) |
| Liver disease | Anorexia/GI tract edema; diarrhea caused by laxatives | Variceal bleeding; thrombocytopenia; coagulopathy |
| Rheumatologic disorders | High hepcidin with blockade of duodenal absorption | Use of corticosteroids and NSAIDs |
| Condition . | Reduced iron absorption . | Increased iron loss . |
|---|---|---|
| CKD | Anorexia/GI tract edema; frequent use of proton pump inhibitors; use of phosphate chelators; high hepcidin with blockade of duodenal absorption | Uremic platelet dysfunction; antiplatelet therapy and anticoagulation; blood loss from hemodialysis |
| HF | Anorexia/GI tract edema; high hepcidin with blockade of duodenal absorption | Antiplatelet therapy and anticoagulation |
| IBDs | High hepcidin with blockade of duodenal absorption; small bowel resection | Chronic diarrhea with high epithelial turnover; GI tract bleeding; use of corticosteroids |
| Obesity | High hepcidin due to adipose tissue inflammation; bariatric surgery | Increased uterine bleeding (when associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome) |
| Liver disease | Anorexia/GI tract edema; diarrhea caused by laxatives | Variceal bleeding; thrombocytopenia; coagulopathy |
| Rheumatologic disorders | High hepcidin with blockade of duodenal absorption | Use of corticosteroids and NSAIDs |
NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.