Odds ratios for specific clinically and laboratory-based syndromes
| Diagnosis . | G6PD c.202T heterozygous girls . | G6PD c.202T homozygous girls and hemizygous boys . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | OR (95% CI)* . | P . | OR (95% CI)* . | P . |
| Clinical syndromes* | ||||
| All-cause hospital admissions | 0.81 (0.73-0.90) | <.0001 | 1.10 (0.98-1.19) | .13 |
| Neonatal | ||||
| All-cause neonatal admissions | 0.65 (0.47-0.90) | .009 | 1.03 (0.77-1.38) | .84 |
| Neonatal bacteremia | 1.64 (0.70-3.86) | .25 | 1.26 (0.59-2.89) | .59 |
| Neonatal jaundice | 1.70 (1.12-2.58) | .013 | 3.06 (2.30-4.08) | <.0001 |
| Postneonatal | ||||
| All-cause postneonatal admissions | 0.81 (0.73-0.90) | <.0001 | 1.02 (0.92-1.14) | .65 |
| Bacteremia | 1.45 (1.03-2.03) | .033 | 1.12 (0.81-1.56) | .49 |
| Severe malaria | 0.88 (0.64-1.21) | .43 | 0.86 (0.60-1.24) | .42 |
| Malaria | 0.88 (0.74-1.03) | .12 | 0.97 (0.83-1.14) | .75 |
| Severe anemia | 1.06 (0.79-1.43) | .72 | 1.13 (0.85-1.51) | .40 |
| Meningitis/encephalitis | 0.88 (0.74-1.05) | .15 | 1.22 (1.05-1.44) | .012 |
| Severe malnutrition | 1.17 (0.94-1.47) | .17 | 1.01 (0.78-1.30) | .94 |
| Very severe pneumonia | 0.83 (0.74-0.94) | .004 | 1.00 (0.89-1.12) | .96 |
| Severe pneumonia | 0.70 (0.40-1.22) | .21 | 1.77 (1.15-2.70) | .009 |
| Gastroenteritis | 0.91 (0.76-1.10) | .33 | 0.98 (0.83-1.16) | .83 |
| Jaundice | 0.87 (0.39-1.97) | .75 | 2.47 (1.41-4.33) | .002 |
| Other | 0.81 (0.61-1.07) | .13 | 0.81 (0.63-1.04) | .093 |
| Nonmutually exclusive syndromes | ||||
| Severe anemia | 1.03 (0.75-1.40) | .87 | 1.09 (0.80-1.48) | .59 |
| Malaria blood film positive | 0.79 (0.68-0.93) | .004 | 0.99 (0.85-1.15) | .87 |
| Transfused | 0.91 (0.68-1.23) | .55 | 1.66 (1.29-2.15) | <.0001 |
| Died | 0.74 (0.53-1.05) | .93 | 1.37 (1.03-1.82) | .03 |
| Diagnosis . | G6PD c.202T heterozygous girls . | G6PD c.202T homozygous girls and hemizygous boys . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | OR (95% CI)* . | P . | OR (95% CI)* . | P . |
| Clinical syndromes* | ||||
| All-cause hospital admissions | 0.81 (0.73-0.90) | <.0001 | 1.10 (0.98-1.19) | .13 |
| Neonatal | ||||
| All-cause neonatal admissions | 0.65 (0.47-0.90) | .009 | 1.03 (0.77-1.38) | .84 |
| Neonatal bacteremia | 1.64 (0.70-3.86) | .25 | 1.26 (0.59-2.89) | .59 |
| Neonatal jaundice | 1.70 (1.12-2.58) | .013 | 3.06 (2.30-4.08) | <.0001 |
| Postneonatal | ||||
| All-cause postneonatal admissions | 0.81 (0.73-0.90) | <.0001 | 1.02 (0.92-1.14) | .65 |
| Bacteremia | 1.45 (1.03-2.03) | .033 | 1.12 (0.81-1.56) | .49 |
| Severe malaria | 0.88 (0.64-1.21) | .43 | 0.86 (0.60-1.24) | .42 |
| Malaria | 0.88 (0.74-1.03) | .12 | 0.97 (0.83-1.14) | .75 |
| Severe anemia | 1.06 (0.79-1.43) | .72 | 1.13 (0.85-1.51) | .40 |
| Meningitis/encephalitis | 0.88 (0.74-1.05) | .15 | 1.22 (1.05-1.44) | .012 |
| Severe malnutrition | 1.17 (0.94-1.47) | .17 | 1.01 (0.78-1.30) | .94 |
| Very severe pneumonia | 0.83 (0.74-0.94) | .004 | 1.00 (0.89-1.12) | .96 |
| Severe pneumonia | 0.70 (0.40-1.22) | .21 | 1.77 (1.15-2.70) | .009 |
| Gastroenteritis | 0.91 (0.76-1.10) | .33 | 0.98 (0.83-1.16) | .83 |
| Jaundice | 0.87 (0.39-1.97) | .75 | 2.47 (1.41-4.33) | .002 |
| Other | 0.81 (0.61-1.07) | .13 | 0.81 (0.63-1.04) | .093 |
| Nonmutually exclusive syndromes | ||||
| Severe anemia | 1.03 (0.75-1.40) | .87 | 1.09 (0.80-1.48) | .59 |
| Malaria blood film positive | 0.79 (0.68-0.93) | .004 | 0.99 (0.85-1.15) | .87 |
| Transfused | 0.91 (0.68-1.23) | .55 | 1.66 (1.29-2.15) | <.0001 |
| Died | 0.74 (0.53-1.05) | .93 | 1.37 (1.03-1.82) | .03 |
OR, odds ratio.
Some children displayed >1 clinical feature and therefore appear more than once. ORs derived through comparison of allele frequencies in cases vs community controls by logistic regression with adjustment for division of residence, sex, and HbS genotype. We found no evidence for an interaction between HbS and G6PD c202 genotype with regard to malaria risk.