Distribution of clinical syndromes and outcomes among post-neonatal case patients
| Syndrome . | G6PD normal boys and girls (n = 4604) . | G6PD c.202T heterozygous girls (n = 721) . | P . | G6PD c.202T homozygous girls and hemizygous boys (n = 756) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical syndromes,* n (%) | |||||
| Malaria | 1422 (30.9) | 231 (32.0) | .53 | 228 (30.2) | .69 |
| Severe malaria | 280 (6.1) | 53 (7.4) | .19 | 36 (4.8) | .15 |
| Severe pneumonia | 96 (2.1) | 15 (2.1) | .99 | 26 (3.4) | .021 |
| Very severe pneumonia | 2593 (56.3) | 406 (56.3) | .99 | 427 (56.5) | .93 |
| Meningitis/encephalitis | 843 (18.3) | 147 (20.4) | .18 | 137 (18.1) | .90 |
| Severe malnutrition | 408 (8.9) | 104 (14.4) | <.0001 | 54 (7.1) | .20 |
| Gastroenteritis | 1161 (25.2) | 173 (24.0) | .48 | 193 (25.5) | .86 |
| Jaundice | 49 (1.1) | 9 (1.3) | .66 | 18 (2.4) | .003 |
| Other | 550 (12.0) | 72 (10.0) | .12 | 79 (8.9) | .097 |
| Laboratory-based syndromes | |||||
| Bacteremia,† n (%) | 201 (4.4) | 46 (6.4) | .017 | 38 (5.0) | .41 |
| Severe anemia, n (%) | 333 (7.2) | 62 (8.6) | .19 | 59 (7.8) | .58 |
| Mean Hb level in children with jaundice (95% CI), g/L | 72.7 (63.5-81.9) | 79.4 (67.9-91.0) | .54 | 84.6 (74.2-94.9) | .15 |
| Malaria blood film positive, n (%) | 1793 (38.9) | 298 (41.3) | .22 | 281 (37.2) | .35 |
| Outcome | |||||
| Median duration of admission (IQR), d | 3 (2-5) | 3 (2-5) | .30 | 3 (2-5) | .33 |
| Transfused, n (%) | 340 (7.4) | 55 (7.6) | .87 | 67 (8.9) | .16 |
| Died, n (%) | 201 (4.4) | 35 (4.9) | .55 | 35 (4.6) | .74 |
| Syndrome . | G6PD normal boys and girls (n = 4604) . | G6PD c.202T heterozygous girls (n = 721) . | P . | G6PD c.202T homozygous girls and hemizygous boys (n = 756) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical syndromes,* n (%) | |||||
| Malaria | 1422 (30.9) | 231 (32.0) | .53 | 228 (30.2) | .69 |
| Severe malaria | 280 (6.1) | 53 (7.4) | .19 | 36 (4.8) | .15 |
| Severe pneumonia | 96 (2.1) | 15 (2.1) | .99 | 26 (3.4) | .021 |
| Very severe pneumonia | 2593 (56.3) | 406 (56.3) | .99 | 427 (56.5) | .93 |
| Meningitis/encephalitis | 843 (18.3) | 147 (20.4) | .18 | 137 (18.1) | .90 |
| Severe malnutrition | 408 (8.9) | 104 (14.4) | <.0001 | 54 (7.1) | .20 |
| Gastroenteritis | 1161 (25.2) | 173 (24.0) | .48 | 193 (25.5) | .86 |
| Jaundice | 49 (1.1) | 9 (1.3) | .66 | 18 (2.4) | .003 |
| Other | 550 (12.0) | 72 (10.0) | .12 | 79 (8.9) | .097 |
| Laboratory-based syndromes | |||||
| Bacteremia,† n (%) | 201 (4.4) | 46 (6.4) | .017 | 38 (5.0) | .41 |
| Severe anemia, n (%) | 333 (7.2) | 62 (8.6) | .19 | 59 (7.8) | .58 |
| Mean Hb level in children with jaundice (95% CI), g/L | 72.7 (63.5-81.9) | 79.4 (67.9-91.0) | .54 | 84.6 (74.2-94.9) | .15 |
| Malaria blood film positive, n (%) | 1793 (38.9) | 298 (41.3) | .22 | 281 (37.2) | .35 |
| Outcome | |||||
| Median duration of admission (IQR), d | 3 (2-5) | 3 (2-5) | .30 | 3 (2-5) | .33 |
| Transfused, n (%) | 340 (7.4) | 55 (7.6) | .87 | 67 (8.9) | .16 |
| Died, n (%) | 201 (4.4) | 35 (4.9) | .55 | 35 (4.6) | .74 |
Some children displayed >1 clinical feature and therefore appear more than once.
Bacteremia was caused by the following organisms (n): Acinetobacter spp (32), Enterobacter spp (1), Escherichia coli (23), Haemophilus influenzae (18), Klebsiella spp (8), Neisseria spp (2), Proteus mirabilis (1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6), other Pseudomonas spp (5), Salmonella spp (30), Serratia spp (1), Staphylococcus aureus (21), β-hemolytic Streptococcus (30), S pneumoniae (107). No independent association was seen between sex and any parameter individually with the exception of severe malnutrition, which was significantly more common in girls overall (see text).